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We analyze the computational complexity of several new variants of edge-matching puzzles. First we analyze inequality (instead of equality) constraints between adjacent tiles, proving the problem NP-complete for strict inequalities but…

Would it be possible to explain the emergence of new computational ideas using the computation itself? Would it be feasible to describe the discovery process of new algorithmic solutions using only mathematics? This study is the first…

The game of Cops and Robber is a pursuit-evasion game which is usually played on a connected graph. In the game, a set of cops and a robber move around the vertices of a graph along edges, where the cops aim to capture the robber, while the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Pinkaew Siriwong , Ratinan Boonklurb , Henry Liu , Sirirat Singhun

We consider the problem of determining whether a target item assignment can be reached from an initial item assignment by a sequence of pairwise exchanges of items between agents. In particular, we consider the situation where each agent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Takehiro Ito , Naonori Kakimura , Naoyuki Kamiyama , Yusuke Kobayashi , Yuta Nozaki , Yoshio Okamoto , Kenta Ozeki

Multi-goal reaching is an important problem in reinforcement learning needed to achieve algorithmic generalization. Despite recent advances in this field, current algorithms suffer from three major challenges: high sample complexity,…

Most people struggle with prioritizing work. While inexact heuristics have been developed over time, there is still no tractable principled algorithm for deciding which of the many possible tasks one should tackle in any given day, month,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Saksham Consul , Jugoslav Stojcheski , Valkyrie Felso , Falk Lieder

We prove that a particular pushing-blocks puzzle is intractable in 2D, improving an earlier result that established intractability in 3D [OS99]. The puzzle, inspired by the game *PushPush*, consists of unit square blocks on an integer…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Joseph O'Rourke

We study the parameterized complexity of a variant of the classic video game Snake that models real-world problems of motion planning. Given a snake-like robot with an initial position and a final position in an environment (modeled by a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Siddharth Gupta , Guy Sa'ar , Meirav Zehavi

An open-close door gadget has two states and three tunnels that can be traversed by an agent (player, robot, etc.): the "opening" and "closing" tunnels set the gadget's state to open and closed, respectively, while the "traverse" tunnel can…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-17 MIT Gadgets Group , Jeffrey Bosboom , Erik D. Demaine , Jenny Diomidova , Dylan Hendrickson , Hayashi Layers , Jayson Lynch

We consider a variation of the Cops and Robber game where the cops can only see the robber when the distance between them is at most a fixed parameter $\ell$. We consider the basic consequences of this definition for some simple graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-08-25 N. E. Clarke , D. Cox , C. Duffy , D. Dyer , S. Fitzpatrick , M. E. Messinger

Pebble games are single-player games on DAGs involving placing and moving pebbles on nodes of the graph according to a certain set of rules. The goal is to pebble a set of target nodes using a minimum number of pebbles. In this paper, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Erik D. Demaine , Quanquan C. Liu

We report on progress in modelling and solving Puzznic, a video game requiring the player to plan sequences of moves to clear a grid by matching blocks. We focus here on levels with no moving blocks. We compare a planning approach and three…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Joan Espasa , Ian P. Gent , Ian Miguel , Peter Nightingale , András Z. Salamon , Mateu Villaret

With the growing use of deep learning methods, particularly graph neural networks, which encode intricate interconnectedness information, for a variety of real tasks, there is a necessity for explainability in such settings. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Harsh Patel , Shivam Sahni

This paper investigates performance guarantees on coverage-based ergodic exploration methods in environments containing disturbances. Ergodic exploration methods generate trajectories for autonomous robots such that time spent in each area…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Henry Berger , Ian Abraham

We study the following variant of the 15 puzzle. Given a graph and two token placements on the vertices, we want to find a walk of the minimum length (if any exists) such that the sequence of token swappings along the walk obtains one of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hironori Kiya , Yuto Okada , Hirotaka Ono , Yota Otachi

We give polynomial time algorithms for deciding almost-sure and limit-sure reachability in Branching Concurrent Stochastic Games (BCSGs). These are a class of infinite-state imperfect-information stochastic games that generalize both…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Kousha Etessami , Emanuel Martinov , Alistair Stewart , Mihalis Yannakakis

The video game industry is larger than both the film and music industries combined. Recommender systems for video games have received relatively scant academic attention, despite the uniqueness of the medium and its data. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Hal Cooper , Garud Iyengar , Ching-Yung Lin

We present an approach to parameterized reachability for communicating finite-state threads that formulates the analysis as a satisfiability problem. In addition to the unbounded number of threads, the main challenge for SAT/SMT-based…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Peizun Liu , Thomas Wahl

Parity games are games that are played on directed graphs whose vertices are labeled by natural numbers, called priorities. The players push a token along the edges of the digraph. The winner is determined by the parity of the greatest…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Christoph Dittmann , Stephan Kreutzer , Alexandru I. Tomescu

Coalitional games are mathematical models suited to analyze scenarios where players can collaborate by forming coalitions in order to obtain higher worths than by acting in isolation. A fundamental problem for coalitional games is to single…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-19 Gianluigi Greco , Enrico Malizia , Luigi Palopoli , Francesco Scarcello