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A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. The set of word-representable graphs generalizes several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Andrew Collins , Sergey Kitaev , Vadim Lozin

The notion of a word-representable graph has been studied in a series of papers in the literature. A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-17 Miles Jones , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin , Jeffrey Remmel

Given a finite word $w$ over a finite alphabet $V$, consider the graph with vertex set $V$ and with an edge between two elements of $V$ if and only if the two elements alternate in the word $w$. Such a graph is said to be word-representable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Marisa Gaetz , Caleb Ji

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if and only if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$, $x\neq y$, alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy\in E$. A split graph is a graph in which the vertices can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-03 Kittitat Iamthong

A graph $G = (V, E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that, for any two distinct vertices $x, y \in V$, $xy \in E$ if and only if $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$. Two letters $x$ and $y$ are said to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Suchanda Roy , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

A graph $G$ with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$ is said to be word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V(G)$ such that, for any two distinct letters $x,y \in V(G)$, the letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Eshwar Srinivasan , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

This paper investigates the new notion of $2$-word-$\pi$-repre\-sentable graphs: the nodes of the graph correspond to the letters of the two words and there exists an edge between two nodes if the projections of any two letters of both…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Duncan Adamson , Amanita Dietz , Pamela Fleischmann , Annika Huch , Silas Cato Sacher

A graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that, for any two distinct letters $x, y \in V$, the letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy \in E$. A graph is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Biswajit Das , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

A graph $G = (\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}, E)$ is $12$-representable if there is a word $w$ over $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ such that two vertices $i$ and $j$ with $i < j$ are adjacent if and only if every $j$ occurs before every $i$ in $w$. These…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Asahi Takaoka

Letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in a word $w$ if after deleting in $w$ all letters but the copies of $x$ and $y$ we either obtain a word $xyxy\cdots$ (of even or odd length) or a word $yxyx\cdots$ (of even or odd length). A graph $G=(V,E)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-18 Sergey Kitaev

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is a \emph{word-representable graph} if there exists a word $W$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $W$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. In this paper we give an effective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-29 Magnús M. Halldórsson , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

A graph $G = (V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy$ is an edge in $E$. Word-representable graphs are the subject of a long research…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-20 Alice L. L. Gao , Sergey Kitaev , Philip B. Zhang

Letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in a word $w$ if after deleting in $w$ all letters but the copies of $x$ and $y$ we either obtain a word $xyxy\cdots$ (of even or odd length) or a word $yxyx\cdots$ (of even or odd length). A graph $G=(V,E)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-29 Sergey Kitaev , Yangjing Long , Jun Ma , Hehui Wu

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy$ is an edge in $E$. It is known that any word-representable graph $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-05 Marc Glen , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $xy\in E$. For integers $n>k>0 $, the shift graph $G(n,k)$ is the graph whose vertex set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Suchanda Roy , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

A pair of letters $x$ and $y$ are said to alternate in a word $w$ if, after removing all letters except for the copies of $x$ and $y$ from $w$, the resulting word is of the form $xyxy\ldots$ (of even or odd length) or $yxyx\ldots$ (of even…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Suchanda Roy , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

Word-representable graphs are a subset of graphs that may be represented by a word $w$ over an alphabet composed of the vertices in the graph. In such graphs, an edge exists if and only if the occurrences of the corresponding vertices…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Duncan Adamson

A word-representable graph is a simple graph $G$ which can be represented by a word $w$ over the vertices of $G$ such that any two vertices are adjacent in $G$ if and only if they alternate in $w$. It is known that the class of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Khyodeno Mozhui , K. V. Krishna

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$, $x\neq y$, alternate in $w$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$. Halld\'{o}rsson et al.\ have shown that a graph is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-03 Thomas Z. Q. Chen , Sergey Kitaev , Brian Y. Sun

A graph is word-representable if it can be represented in a certain way using alternation of letters in words. Word-representable graphs generalise several important and well-studied classes of graphs, and they can be characterised by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Sergey Kitaev , Haoran Sun
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