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We consider the problem of how to manipulate the entanglement properties of a general two-particle pure state, shared between Alice and Bob, by using only local operations at each end and classical communication between Alice and Bob. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Lucien Hardy

We study searching and sorting in rounds motivated by a fair division question: given a cake cutting problem with $n$ players, compute a fair allocation in at most $k$ rounds of interaction with the players. Rounds interpolate between the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Simina Brânzei , Dimitris Paparas , Nicholas Recker

This paper considers a game-theoretic formulation of the covert communications problem with finite blocklength, where the transmitter (Alice) can randomly vary her transmit power in different blocks, while the warden (Willie) can randomly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Alex S. Leong , Daniel E. Quevedo , Subhrakanti Dey

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer $n$ can be written uniquely as the sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers; a similar result holds for other positive linear recurrence sequences. These legal decompositions can be used to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Steven J. Miller , Eliel Sosis , Jingkai Ye

The game of plates and olives was originally formulated by Nicolaescu and encodes the evolution of the topology of the sublevel sets of Morse functions. We consider a random variant of this game. The process starts with an empty table.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-29 Andrzej Dudek , Sean English , Alan Frieze

Distributions of pebbles to the vertices of a graph are said to be solvable when a pebble may be moved to any specified vertex using a sequence of admissible pebbling rules. The optimal pebbling number is the least number of pebbles needed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 T. Friedman , C. Wyels

We introduce a class of normal play partizan games, called Complementary Subtraction. Let $A$ denote your favorite set of positive integers. This is Left's subtraction set, whereas Right subtracts numbers not in $A$. The Golden Nugget…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Urban Larsson , Neil A. McKay , Richard J. Nowakowski , Angela A. Siegel

We study the problem of fairly allocating a divisible resource, also known as cake cutting, with an additional requirement that the shares that different agents receive should be sufficiently separated from one another. This captures, for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Edith Elkind , Erel Segal-Halevi , Warut Suksompong

This paper studies the game of guessing riffle-shuffled cards with complete feedback. A deck of $n$ cards labelled 1 to $n$ is riffle-shuffled once and placed on a table. A player tries to guess the cards from top and is given complete…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Pengda Liu

Hat problems have recently become a popular topic in combinatorics and discrete mathematics. These have been shown to be strongly related to coding theory, network coding, and auctions. We consider the following version of the hat game,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-11 Maximilien Gadouleau , Nicholas Georgiou

We consider the problem of fairly dividing a heterogeneous cake between a number of players with different tastes. In this setting, it is known that fairness requirements may result in a suboptimal division from the social welfare…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-18 Orit Arzi , Yonatan Aumann , Yair Dombb

We propose a protocol that allows both the creation and distribution of entanglement, resulting in two distant parties (Alice and Bob) conclusively sharing a bipartite Bell State. The system considered is a graph of three-level objects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christopher Hadley , Alessio Serafini , Sougato Bose

In 2024, Daniel Litt posed a simple coinflip game pitting Alice's "Heads-Heads" vs Bob's "Heads-Tails": who is more likely to win if they score 1 point per occurrence of their substring in a sequence of n fair coinflips? This attracted over…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Svante Janson , Mihai Nica , Simon Segert

In the natural generalization of tic-tac-toe to an $n \times n \times n$ board where $n \in \mathbb{N}$, it is known that the first player has a winning strategy if $n \leq 4$ and that either player can force a draw if $n \geq 8$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-29 John W. Cain , Ioannis M. Raymond , Nora C. Källersjö

We expand the theory of pebbling to graphs with weighted edges. In a weighted pebbling game, one player distributes a set amount of weight on the edges of a graph and his opponent chooses a target vertex and places a configuration of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-09 Stephanie Jones , Joshua D. Laison , Cameron McLeman , Kathryn Nyman

There is a common belief that humans and many animals follow transitive inference (choosing A over C on the basis of knowing that A is better than B and B is better than C). Transitivity seems to be the essence of rational choice. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-23 Marcin Makowski , Edward W. Piotrowski

We examine the history of cake cutting mechanisms and discuss the efficiency of their allocations. In the case of piecewise uniform preferences, we define a game that in the presence of strategic agents has equilibria that are not dominated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-04-10 Egor Ianovski

Moves in chess games are usually analyzed on a case-by-case basis by professional players, but thanks to the availability of large game databases, we can envision another approach of the game. Here, we indeed adopt a very different point of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-05-01 Marc Barthelemy

Imagine that Alice and Bob, unable to communicate, are both given a 16-bit string such that the strings are either equal, or they differ in exactly 8 positions. Both parties are then supposed to output a 4-bit string in such a way that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Viktor Galliard , Stefan Wolf , Alain Tapp

In this paper, we consider impartial and partizan restricted chocolate bar games. In impartial restricted chocolate bar games, players cut a chocolate bar into two pieces along any horizontal or vertical line and eat whichever piece is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Ryohei Miyadera , Shoei Takahashi , Aoi Murakami , Akito Tsujii , Hikaru Manabe
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