English

Coloring of some $(P_2\cup P_4)$-free graphs

Combinatorics 2024-12-20 v1

Abstract

We denote a path on tt vertices as PtP_t and a cycle on tt vertices as CtC_t. For two vertex-disjoint graphs G1G_1 and G2G_2, the {\em union} G1G2G_1\cup G_2 is the graph with V(G1G2)=V(G1)V(G2)V(G_1\cup G_2)=V(G_1)\cup V(G_2) and E(G1G2)=E(G1)E(G2)E(G_1\cup G_2)=E(G_1)\cup E(G_2). A {\em diamond} (resp. {\em gem}) is a graph consisting of a P3P_3 (resp. P4P_4) and a new vertex adjacent to all vertices of the P3P_3 (resp. P4P_4), and a {\em butterfly} is a graph consisting of two triangles that share one vertex. In this paper, we show that χ(G)3ω(G)2\chi(G)\le 3\omega(G)-2 if GG is a (P2P4P_2\cup P_4, gem)-free graph, χ(G)ω(G)2+3ω(G)22\chi(G)\le \frac{\omega(G)^2+3\omega(G)-2}{2} if GG is a (P2P4P_2\cup P_4, butterfly)-free graph. We also study the class of (P2P4P_2\cup P_4, diamond)-free graphs, and show that, for such a graph GG, χ(G)4\chi(G)\leq4 if ω(G)=2\omega(G)=2, χ(G)7\chi(G)\leq7 if ω(G)=3\omega(G)=3, χ(G)9\chi(G)\leq9 if ω(G)=4\omega(G)=4, and χ(G)2ω(G)1\chi(G)\leq2\omega(G)-1 if ω(G)5\omega(G)\ge 5. Moreover, we prove that GG is perfect if GG is (P2P4P_2\cup P_4, diamond, C5C_5)-free with ω(G)5\omega(G)\geq5.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.14524,
  title  = {Coloring of some $(P_2\cup P_4)$-free graphs},
  author = {Chen Ran and Zhang xiaowen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.14524},
  year   = {2024}
}