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We reconsider a well-known relationship between the fluctuation theorem and the second law of thermodynamics by evaluating a probability measure-valued process. In order to establish a bridge between microscopic and macroscopic behaviors,…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-03-19 Yuki Sughiyama , Masayuki Ohzeki

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that temporal evolution of an isolated system occurs with non-diminishing entropy. In quantum realm, this holds for energy-isolated systems the evolution of which is described by the so-called unital…

We present an axiomatic framework for thermodynamics that incorporates information as a fundamental concept. The axioms describe both ordinary thermodynamic processes and those in which information is acquired, used and erased, as in the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-05-09 Austin Hulse , Benjamin Schumacher , Michael D. Westmoreland

The resolution of the Maxwell's demon paradox linked thermodynamics with information theory through information erasure principle. By considering a demon endowed with a Turing-machine consisting of a memory tape and a processor, we attempt…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-11-30 Akio Hosoya , Koji Maruyama , Yutaka Shikano

This paper addresses two seemingly unrelated problems, (a) What is the entropy and energy accounting in the Maxwell Demon problem? and (b) How can the efficiency of markets be measured? Here we show, in a simple model for the Maxwell Demon,…

经典物理 · 物理学 2008-12-02 Roger D. Jones , Sven G. Redsun , Roger E. Frye , Kelly D. Myers

In Szilard's engine, a demon measures a one-particle gas and applies feedback to extract work from thermal fluctuations, embodying Maxwell's notion that information reduces thermodynamic entropy - an apparent second-law violation. The…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-08-26 Xiangjun Xing

Maxwell's Demon, 'a being whose faculties are so sharpened that he can follow every molecule in its course', has been the centre of much debate about its abilities to violate the second law of thermodynamics. Landauer's hypothesis, that the…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2015-11-06 Samson Abramsky , Dominic Horsman

Microscopic physical laws are time-symmetric, hence, a priori there exists no preferential temporal direction. However, the second law of thermodynamics allows one to associate the "forward" temporal direction to a positive variation of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-11-29 Giulia Rubino , Gonzalo Manzano , Časlav Brukner

This is a general description of a probabilistic formalism of mechanics, i.e., an extension of the Newtonian mechanics principles to the systems undergoing random motion. From an analysis of the induction procedure from experimental data to…

统计力学 · 物理学 2010-03-29 Qiuping A. Wang

In a number of books and articles including "The Design Inference" and "No Free Lunch", W. Dembski claims to have established a robust decision process that can determine when observed structures in the natural world can be attributed to…

适应与自组织系统 · 物理学 2009-09-15 Sean D Devine

Statistical mechanics descriptions of the second law of thermodynamics generally imply point-like particles driven by a dissipative overall mechanism for their simultaneous time-evolution. As the number of involved particles grows larger,…

综合物理 · 物理学 2016-02-16 Hans R. Moser

We have simulated numerically an automated version of Maxwell's demon inspired by Smoluchowski's ideas of 1912. Two gas chambers of equal volume are connected via an opening that is covered by a trapdoor. The trapdoor can open to the left…

统计力学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 P. A. Skordos , W. H. Zurek

We extend the theory of stochastic thermodynamics in three directions: (i) instead of a continuously monitored system we consider measurements only at an arbitrary set of discrete times, (ii) we allow for imperfect measurements and…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-08-27 Philipp Strasberg , Andreas Winter

Entropy production characterizes irreversibility. This viewpoint allows us to consider the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, which states that a higher precision can be achieved at the cost of higher entropy production, as a relation…

统计力学 · 物理学 2021-12-09 Yoshihiko Hasegawa

The probabilistic information flow and natural computational capability of a system with two magnetic skyrmions at room temperature have been experimentally evaluated. Based on this evaluation, an all-solid-state built-in Maxwell's demon…

介观与纳米尺度物理 · 物理学 2025-06-17 Yoshishige Suzuki , Hiroki Mori , Soma Miki , Kota Emoto , Ryo Ishikawa , Eiiti Tamura , Hikaru Nomura , Minori Goto

A microscopic definition of the thermodynamic entropy in an isolated quantum system must satisfy (i) additivity, (ii) extensivity and (iii) the second law of thermodynamics. We show that the diagonal entropy, which is the Shannon entropy in…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-03-30 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Naoyuki Sakumichi , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Masahito Ueda

In the case of fully chaotic systems the distribution of the Poincare'recurrence times is an exponential whose decay rate is the Kolmogorov-Sinai(KS) entropy.We address the discussion of the same problem, the connection between dynamics and…

统计力学 · 物理学 2015-06-24 Gerardo Aquino , Paolo Grigolini , Nicola Scafetta

The second law of thermodynamics is probabilistic in nature. Its formulation requires that the state of a system be described by a probability distribution. A natural question, thereby, arises as to whether a prior knowledge about the state…

统计力学 · 物理学 2019-04-11 P. S. Pal , A. M. Jayannavar

We investigate thermodynamics of feedback processes driven by measurement. Regarding system and memory device as a composite system, mutual information as a measure of correlation between the two constituents contributes to the entropy of…

统计力学 · 物理学 2017-04-12 Chulan Kwon

Maxwell's demon (MD) has proven an instructive vehicle by which to explore the relationship between information theory and thermodynamics, fueling the possibility of information driven machines. A long standing debate has been the concern…