相关论文: The Time's Arrow within the Uncertainty Quantum

Time is a parameter playing a central role in our most fundamental modelling of natural laws. Relativity theory shows that the comparison of times measured by different clocks depends on their relative motion and on the strength of the…

We consider a number of aspects of the problem of defining time observables in quantum theory. Time observables are interesting quantities in quantum theory because they often cannot be associated with self-adjoint operators. Their…

We give a bound to the precision in the estimation of a parameter in terms of the expectation value of an observable. It is an extension of the Cramer-Rao inequality and of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, where the estimation precision…

Two of the most difficult problems in the foundations of physics are (1) what gives rise to the arrow of time and (2) what the ontology of quantum mechanics is. They are difficult because the fundamental dynamical laws of physics do not…

In quantum theory, it is known for a pair of noncommutative observables that there is no state on which they take simultaneously definite values, and that there is no joint measurement of them. They are called preparation uncertainty and…

We introduce a new mathematical framework for the probabilistic description of an experiment on a system of any type in terms of information representing this system initially. Based on the notions of an information state and a generalized…

A prominent formulation of the uncertainty principle identifies the fundamental quantum feature that no particle may be prepared with certain outcomes for both position and momentum measurements. Often the statistical uncertainties are…

An unresolved problem in physics is how the thermodynamic arrow of time arises from an underlying time reversible dynamics. We contribute to this issue by developing a measure of time-symmetry breaking, and by using the work fluctuation…

Generalized uncertainty principles are able to serve as useful descriptions of some of the phenomenology of quantum gravity effects, providing an intuitive grasp on non-trivial space-time structures such as a fundamental discreteness of…

Three recent arguments seek to show that the universal applicability of unitary quantum theory is inconsistent with the assumption that a well-conducted measurement always has a definite physical outcome. In this paper I restate and analyze…

The conceptual definition and understanding of the nature of time, both qualitatively and quantitatively is of the utmost difficulty and importance, and plays a fundamental role in physics. Physical systems seem to evolve in paths of…

We point out that time's arrow is naturally induced by quantum mechanical evolution, whenever the systems have a very large number ${\cal N}$ of non-degenerate states and a Hamiltonian bounded from below. When ${\cal N}$ is finite, the…

We prove a new sum uncertainty relation in quantum theory which states that the uncertainty in the sum of two or more observables is always less than or equal to the sum of the uncertainties in corresponding observables. This shows that the…

Some of the possible consequences of a generalized uncertainty principle (which emerges in the context of string theory and quantum gravity models as a consequence of fluctuations of the background metric) are analyzed considering the case…

Time is a parameter playing a central role in our most fundamental modeling of natural laws. Relativity theory shows that the comparison of times measured by different clocks depends on their relative motions and on the strength of the…

A measuring apparatus is described by quantum mechanics while it interacts with the quantum system under observation, and then it must be given a classical description so that the result of the measurement appears as objective reality.…

The origin of the uncertainty inherent in quantum measurements has been discussed since quantum theory's inception, but to date the source of the indeterminacy of measurements performed at an angle with respect to a quantum state's…

Quantum theory is applicable, in principle, to both the microscopic and macroscopic realms. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate whether it is possible to evolve a quantum-compatible view of the properties and states of macroscopic…

The concept of measurement is discussed. It is argued that counting process in mathematics is also measurement which requires a basic unit. The idea of scale is put forward. The basic unit itself, which are composed of the infinitesimal of…

A universal formulation of uncertainty relations for quantum measurements is presented with additional focus on the representability of quantum observables by classical observables over a given state. Owing to the simplicity and operational…