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The generation of series of random numbers is an important and difficult problem. Appropriate measurements on entangled states have been proposed as the definitive solution, based on the impossibility of exploiting quantum non locality to…

Kesten and Lee [36] proved that the total length of a minimal spanning tree on certain random point configurations in $\mathbb{R}^d$ satisfies a central limit theorem. They also raised the question: how to make these results quantitative?…

A large collection of financial contracts offering guaranteed minimum benefits are often posed as control problems, in which at any point in the solution domain, a control is able to take any one of an uncountable number of values from the…

Thimble regularization as a solution to the sign problem has been successfully put at work for a few toy models. Given the non trivial nature of the method (also from the algorithmic point of view) it is compelling to provide evidence that…

The meander problem is a combinatorial problem which provides a toy model of the compact folding of polymer chains. In this paper we study various questions relating to the enumeration of meander diagrams, using diagrammatical methods. By…

We consider the problem of guessing the realization of a random variable but under more general Tsallis' non-extensive entropic framework rather than the classical Maxwell-Boltzman-Gibbs-Shannon framework. We consider both the conditional…

In this paper we prove the existence of global classical solutions to continuous coagulation-fragmentation equations with unbounded coefficients under the sole assumption that the coagulation rate is dominated by a power of the…

Unlike quantum correlations, the shareability of classical correlations (CCs) between two-parties of a multipartite state is assumed to be free since there exist states for which CCs for each of the reduced states can simultaneously reach…

This paper studies the generalization bounds for the empirical saddle point (ESP) solution to stochastic saddle point (SSP) problems. For SSP with Lipschitz continuous and strongly convex-strongly concave objective functions, we establish…

We introduce a new approach for establishing fixed-parameter tractability of problems parameterized above tight lower bounds. To illustrate the approach we consider three problems of this type of unknown complexity that were introduced by…

We address the problem of finding worst-case nonparametric bounds for T-statistic by considering the extremal problem of maximising the mid-quantile (a special case of 'smoothed quantile' as discussed in \cite{St77} and \cite{W11}) $\tilde…

In the last few years, the theory of decentralized distributed convex optimization has made significant progress. The lower bounds on communications rounds and oracle calls have appeared, as well as methods that reach both of these bounds.…

A general analytical method is developed for describing crossover phenomena of arbitrary nature. The method is based on the algebraic self-similar renormalization of asymptotic series, with control functions defined by crossover conditions.…

We solve two long-standing open problems on word equations. Firstly, we prove that a one-variable word equation with constants has either at most three or an infinite number of solutions. The existence of such a bound had been conjectured,…

Regularization-based approaches for injecting constraints in Machine Learning (ML) were introduced to improve a predictive model via expert knowledge. We tackle the issue of finding the right balance between the loss (the accuracy of the…

This introductory article presents the special Discussion and Debate volume "From black swans to dragon-kings, is there life beyond power laws?" published in Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics in May 2012. We summarize and put in perspective the…

We investigate upper and lower bounds on the entropy of entanglement of a superposition of bipartite states as a function of the individual states in the superposition. In particular, we extend the results in [G. Gour, arxiv.org:0704.1521…

Many years ago John Tyrell a lecturer at King's college London challenged his Ph.D. students with the following puzzle: show that there is a unique triangle of minimal perimeter with exactly one vertex to lie on one of three given lines,…

We discuss a general approach to building non-asymptotic confidence bounds for stochastic optimization problems. Our principal contribution is the observation that a Sample Average Approximation of a problem supplies upper and lower bounds…

We use a generalization of Vinogradov's mean value theorem of S. Parsell, S. Prendiville and T. Wooley and ideas of W. Schmidt to give nontrivial bounds for the number of solutions to polynomial congruences, for arbitrary polynomials, when…