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As fault-tolerant quantum computers scale, certifying the accuracy of computations performed with encoded logical qubits will soon become classically intractable. This creates a critical need for scalable, device-independent certification…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-08 James Mills , Adithya Sireesh , Dominik Leichtle , Joschka Roffe , Elham Kashefi

Large-scale quantum computers rely on quantum error correction to protect the fragile quantum information. Among the possible candidates of quantum computing devices, silicon-based spin qubits hold a great promise due to their compatibility…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-08-31 Kenta Takeda , Akito Noiri , Takashi Nakajima , Takashi Kobayashi , Seigo Tarucha

The stabilization of a quantum computer by repeated error correction can be reduced almost entirely to repeated preparation of blocks of qubits in quantum codeword states. These are multi-particle entangled states with a high degree of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Steane

A central ingredient in fault-tolerant quantum algorithms is the initialization of a logical state for a given quantum error-correcting code from a set of noisy qubits. A scheme that has demonstrated promising results for small code…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-19 Tom Peham , Ludwig Schmid , Lucas Berent , Markus Müller , Robert Wille

Blind quantum computation is an appealing use of quantum information technology because it can conceal both the client's data and the algorithm itself from the server. However, problems need to be solved in the practical use of blind…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-11-23 Chia-Hung Chien , Rodney Van Meter , Sy-Yen Kuo

Logical operations are essential for quantum computation within quantum error-correcting codes. However, discovering their physical realizations is challenging, especially for non-additive codes that lack a stabilizer description. We…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-28 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Dominik Seuß , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

Correcting errors in real time is essential for reliable large-scale quantum computations. Realizing this high-level function requires a system capable of several low-level primitives, including single-qubit and two-qubit operations,…

Quantum computing holds the promise of solving classically intractable problems. Enabling this requires scalable and hardware-efficient quantum processors with vanishing error rates. This perspective manuscript describes how bosonic codes,…

This paper introduces a framework for constructing Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes that support fault-tolerant logical transversal $Z$-rotations. Using this framework, we obtain asymptotically good CSS codes that fault-tolerantly realize…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-08 K. Sai Mineesh Reddy , Navin Kashyap

We introduce a class of 3D color codes, which we call stacked codes, together with a fault-tolerant transformation that will map logical qubits encoded in two-dimensional (2D) color codes into stacked codes and back. The stacked code allows…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-03-07 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Stephen D. Bartlett

This paper explores a new approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), relying on quantum polar codes. We consider quantum polar codes of Calderbank-Shor-Steane type, encoding one logical qubit, which we refer to as $\mathcal{Q}_1$…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-18 Ashutosh Goswami , Mehdi Mhalla , Valentin Savin

This paper proves the threshold result, which asserts that quantum computation can be made robust against errors and inaccuracies, when the error rate, $\eta$, is smaller than a constant threshold, $\eta_c$. The result holds for a very…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation in the presence of slow error diagnostics, either caused by measurement latencies or slow decoding algorithms. Our scheme offers a few improvements over previously existing…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-01-08 Christopher Chamberland , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

The schemes for fault-tolerant postselected quantum computation given in [Knill, Fault-Tolerant Postselected Quantum Computation: Schemes, http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0402171] are analyzed to determine their error-tolerance. The analysis…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 E. Knill

Encoding quantum information to protect it from errors is essential for performing large-scale quantum computations. Performing a universal set of quantum gates on encoded states demands a potentially large resource overhead and minimizing…

We introduce a family of scalable planar fault-tolerant circuits that implement logical non-Clifford operations on a 2D color code, such as a logical $T$ gate or a logical non-Pauli measurement that prepares a magic $|T\rangle$ state. The…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-09 Andreas Bauer , Julio C. Magdalena de la Fuente

Recently, it was realized that use of the properties of quantum mechanics might speed up certain computations dramatically. Interest in quantum computation has since been growing. One of the main difficulties of realizing quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2008-02-03 Peter W. Shor

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction provides a strategy to protect information processed by a quantum computer against noise which would otherwise corrupt the data. A fault-tolerant universal quantum computer must implement a universal…

Fault-tolerant quantum computing demands many qubits with long lifetimes to conduct accurate quantum gate operations. However, external noise limits the computing time of physical qubits. Quantum error correction codes may extend such…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-10-03 Chungheon Baek , Tomohiro Ostuka , Seigo Tarucha , Byung-Soo Choi

Current experiments are taking the first steps toward noise-resilient logical qubits. Crucially, a quantum computer must not merely store information, but also process it. A fault-tolerant computational procedure ensures that errors do not…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-11-13 Earl T. Campbell , Barbara M. Terhal , Christophe Vuillot