相关论文: Einstein, Wigner, and Feynman: From E = mc^{2} to …
Gell-Mann's quarks are coherent particles confined within a hadron at rest, but Feynman's partons are incoherent particles which constitute a hadron moving with a velocity close to that of light. It is widely believed that the quark model…
R. P. Feynman was quite fond of inventing new physics. It is shown that some of his physical ideas can be supported by the mathematical instruments available from the Lorentz group. As a consequence, it is possible to construct a…
The connection between spin and symmetry was established by Wigner in his 1939 paper on the Poincar\'e group. For a massive particle at rest, the little group is O(3) from which the concept of spin emerges. The little group for a massless…
When Einstein formulated his special relativity in 1905, he established the law of Lorentz transformations for point particles. It is now known that particles have internal space-time structures. Particles, such as photons and electrons,…
In 1971, Feynman et al. published a paper on hadronic mass spectra and transition rates based on the quark model. Their starting point was a Lorentz-invariant differential equation. This equation can be separated into a Klein-Gordon…
Since quarks are regarded as the most fundamental particles which constitute hadrons that we observe in the real world, there are many theories about how many of them are needed and what quantum numbers they carry. Another important…
Since Feynman proposed his parton model in 1969, one of the most pressing problems in high-energy physics has been whether partons are quarks. It is shown that the quark model and the parton model are two different manifestations of one…
According to Richard Feynman, the adventure of our science of physics is a perpetual attempt to recognize that the different aspects of nature are really different aspects of the same thing. It is therefore interesting to combine some, if…
The difference between Lorentz invariance and Lorentz covariance is discussed in detail. A covariant formalism is developed for the internal space-time symmetry of extended particles, especially in connection with the insightful…
In 1971 Feynman, Kislinger and Ravndal [1] proposed Lorentz-invariant differential equation capable to describe relativistic particle with mass and internal space-time structure. By making use of new variables that differentiate between…
In 1905, Einstein formulated his special relativity for point particles. For those particles, his Lorentz covariance and energy-momentum relation are by now firmly established. How about the hydrogen atom? It is possible to perform Lorentz…
In 1963, Eugene Paul Wigner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry…
The energy-mass content of Einstein's E = mc^{2} is well known. For a fixed value of mass, E = mc^{2} is an energy-momentum relation which takes the form E = \sqrt{m^{2} + p^{2}}. This relation was formulated in 1905 for point particles.…
When Einstein formulated his special relativity, he developed his dynamics for point particles. Of course, many valiant efforts have been made to extend his relativity to rigid bodies, but this subject is forgotten in history. This is…
While internal space-time symmetries of relativistic particles are dictated by the little groups of the Poincar\'e group, it is possible to construct representations of the little group for massive particles starting from harmonic…
Einstein's $E = mc^{2}$ unifies the momentum-energy relations for massive and massless particles. According to Wigner, the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles are isomorphic to $O(3)$ and $E(2)$ respectively.…
Lorentz-covariant harmonic oscillator wave functions are constructed from the Lorentz-invariant oscillator differential equation of Feynman, Kislinger, and Ravndal for a two-body bound state. The wave functions are not invariant but…
A Lorentz-covariant system of wave equations is formulated for a quantum-mechanical three-body system in one space dimension, comprised of one photon and two identical massive spin one-half Dirac particles, which can be thought of as two…
The famous equation $E=mc^2$ is a version of particle mass being essentially the magnitude of the (energy-)momentum four-vector in the setting of `relativistic' dynamics, which can be seen as dictated by the Poincar\'e symmetry adopted as…
Heisenberg's uncertainty relation can be written in terms of the step-up and step-down operators in the harmonic oscillator representation. It is noted that the single-variable Heisenberg commutation relation contains the symmetry of the…