相关论文: Hidden Variables or Positive Probabilities?
A simple local hidden-variables model is exhibited which reproduces the results of all performed tests of Bell\'{}s inequalities involving optical photon pairs. For the old atomic-cascade experiments, like Aspect\'{}s, the model agrees with…
We analyze and compare the mathematical formulations of the criterion for separability for bipartite density matrices and the Bell inequalities. We show that a violation of a Bell inequality can formally be expressed as a witness for…
According to quantum theory, the outcomes obtained by measuring an entangled state necessarily exhibit some randomness if they violate a Bell inequality. In particular, a maximal violation of the CHSH inequality guarantees that 1.23 bits of…
The Bell theorem stands as an insuperable roadblock in the path to a very desired intuitive solution of the EPR paradox and, hence, it lies at the core of the current lack of a clear interpretation of the quantum formalism. The theorem…
Bell's theorem states that no description of a Bell experiment can be simultaneously local, realistic in the sense of counterfactual definiteness, and free of conspiracy between settings and hidden state. The recent generation of…
A number of papers have suggested that it is inappropriate to combine data from different experiments when undertaking experimental tests of Bell's inequalities. It has been suggested that a correct analysis, using a single probability…
In contrast to the wide-spread opinion that any separable quantum state satisfies every classical probabilistic constraint, we present a simple example where a separable quantum state does not satisfy the original Bell inequality although…
It is pointed out that the local hidden variables model of Bell and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) gives $|<B>|\leq 2\sqrt{2}$ or $|<B>|\leq 2$ for the quantum CHSH operator $B={\bf a}\cdot {\bf \sigma}\otimes ({\bf b}+{\bf…
The Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (BCHSH) inequality, which is proven in the context of the local hidden variable theory, has been used as a test to reveal failure of the hidden variable theory and to prove validity of the quantum theory.…
Many typical Bell experiments can be described as follows. A source repeatedly distributes particles among two spacelike separated observers. Each of them makes a measurement, using an observable randomly chosen out of several possible…
Unlike our basic theories of space and time, quantum mechanics is not a locally causal theory. Moreover, it is widely believed that any hopes of restoring local causality within a realistic theory have been undermined by Bell's theorem and…
Unarticulated, implicit hypotheses in Bell's analysis of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) correlations are identified and examined. These relate to the mathematical-analytical properties of random variables, the character of the relevant…
In a Bell test, the set of observed probability distributions complying with the principle of local realism is fully characterized by Bell inequalities. Quantum theory allows for a violation of these inequalities, which is famously regarded…
Given a sequence of pairs of spin-one half particles in the singlet state, assume that Alice measures the normalized projections along some vector of the spins of one vector per pair along that vector while Bob measures the normalized…
This paper provides a systematic analysis of Bell experiments from the relational perspective, demonstrating that the apparent ``nonlocality'' of quantum mechanics stems from a problematic application of relativistic principles rather than…
We consider here the predictions of quantum theory and local hidden variables for the correlations obtained by measuring a pair of qubits by projections defined by randomly chosen axes separated by a given angle \theta. The predictions of…
The Kochen-Specker theorem, Bell inequalities, and several other tests that were designed to rule out hidden-variable theories, assume the existence of observables having infinitely sharp eigenvalues. A paradigmatic example is spin-1/2. It…
We use a simple relational framework to develop the key notions and results on hidden variables and non-locality. The extensive literature on these topics in the foundations of quantum mechanics is couched in terms of probabilistic models,…
Bell inequalities are derived for any number of observers, any number of alternative setups for each one of them, and any number of distinct outcomes for each experiment. It is shown that if a physical system consists of several distant…
The correlations that violate the CHSH inequality are known to have complementary contributions from signaling and local indeterminacy. This complementarity is shown to represent a strengthening of Bell's theorem, and can be used to certify…