相关论文: The Probability Distribution to Leptons and Quarks
At high energies a form of fragmentation function for a heavy quark into a hadron is substantiated to agree with a reciprocity relation to the distribution of heavy quark as the virtual parton in the hadron. The relevance of the relation is…
We describe a simple probabilistic method to cross-identify astrophysical sources from different catalogs and provide the probability that a source is associated with a source from another catalog or that it has no counterpart. When the…
The Hamilton-Jacobi equation of relativistic quantum mechanics is revisited. The equation is shown to permit solutions in the form of breathers (oscillating/spinning solitons), displaying simultaneous particle-like and wave-like behaviour.
Using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, we solve chemical Fokker-Planck equations within the Gaussian approximation and obtain a simple and compact formula for a conditional probability distribution. The formula holds in general transient…
We develop simple analytic representations of the polarized quark and gluon distributions in the nucleon at low $Q^2$ which incorporate general constraints obtained from the requirements of color coherence of gluon couplings at $x \sim 0$…
It is assumed that three lepton families $(\nu_e, e)$, $(\nu_{\mu}, \mu)$, $(\nu_{\tau}, \tau)$ carry charges, which are sources of electronic, muonic and tauonic massless vector particles, respectively. Various manifestations of these…
We investigate the statistical properties of an over-damped Brownian particle that is trapped by a harmonic potential and simultaneously exposed to a linear shear flow or to a plane Poiseuille flow. Its probability distribution is…
Some of the motivations for quark and lepton compositeness, and some problems associated with present schemes, are noted. One model is discussed in which quarks and leptons are taken as composites of spin-1/2 fermions $F$ with charges $\pm…
Using the Kleisi category of the Giry monad the deterministic existential and universal quantifiers are generalized to incorporate nondeterminism. These probabilistic quantifiers are quantified over the points of the category which are…
A large forward-backward asymmetry is seen in both the top quark rapidity distribution $A_{FB}^t$ and in the rapidity distribution of charged leptons $A_{FB}^\ell$ from top quarks produced at the Tevatron. We study the kinematic and dynamic…
The algebraic area probability distribution of closed planar random walks of length N on a square lattice is considered. The generating function for the distribution satisfies a recurrence relation in which the combinatorics is encoded. A…
The probabilistic prediction of quantum theory is mystery. I solved the mystery by a geometrical interpretation of a wave function. This suggests the unification between quantum theory and the theory of relativity. This suggests Many-Worlds…
We present analytic expressions for the $s$-parametrized currents on the sphere for both unitary and dissipative evolutions. We examine the spatial distribution of the flow generated by these currents for quadratic Hamiltonians. The results…
The aim of this paper is to show that the concept of probability is best understood by dividing this concept into two different types of probability, namely physical probability and analogical probability. Loosely speaking, a physical…
We show the existence of rigid combinatorial objects which previously were not known to exist. Specifically, for a wide range of the underlying parameters, we show the existence of non-trivial orthogonal arrays, $t$-designs, and $t$-wise…
One of the main concepts in quantum physics is a density matrix, which is a symmetric positive definite matrix of trace one. Finite probability distributions are a special case where the density matrix is restricted to be diagonal. Density…
Fractional calculus allows one to generalize the linear, one-dimensional, diffusion equation by replacing either the first time derivative or the second space derivative by a derivative of fractional order. The fundamental solutions of…
In order to extract the polarized strange quark density in proton, we studied the semi-inclusive $\Lambda_c$/$\bar{\Lambda}_c$ leptoproduction in charged current DIS at THERA energies. We indicate that measurements of the spin correlation…
I review the classical theory of likelihood based inference and consider how it is being extended and developed for use in complex models and sampling schemes.
The existence of probability in the sense of the frequency interpretation, i.e. probability as "long term relative frequency," is shown to follow from the dynamics and the interpretational rules of Everett quantum mechanics in the…