相关论文: Charge, from EM fields only

Electron clusters, X-rays and nanosecond radio-frequency pulses are produced by 100 mW continuous-wave laser illuminating ferroelectric crystal of LiNbO_3. A long-living stable electron droplet with the size of about 100 mcm has freely…

This article compares treatments of the Stern-Gerlach experiment across different physical theories, building up to a novel analysis of electron spin measurement in the context of classical Dirac field theory. Modeling the electron as a…

In the classical model of atomic polarizability, atomic charges are displaced by an applied electric field, assuming the electron cloud remains spherically symmetric but with its center shifted from the nucleus, thereby inducing an electric…

We suggest to include the density of electron charge explicitly in the electron potential of density functional theory, rather than implicitly via exchange-correlation functionals. The advantages of the approach are conceptual and…

By using the two 4-dimensional potential formulation of electromagnetic (EM) field theory introduced in [1], we found that the SO(2) duality symmetric EM field theory can be reduced to the magnetic source free case by a special choice of…

For an oscillating electric dipole in the shape of a small, solid, uniformly-polarized, spherical particle, we compute the self-field as well as the radiated electromagnetic field in the surrounding free space. The assumed geometry enables…

We will show that one half of the rest mass of the electron is equal to the sum of the rest masses of electron neutrinos and that the other half of the rest mass of the electron is given by the energy in the sum of electric oscillations.…

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the divergence of the electron self-energy in classical electrodynamics. To do so, we appeal to the theory of distributions and a method for obtaining corresponding extensions. At first sight,…

The possibility of the precise measurement of the electron beam energy using absorption of radiation by electrons in a static and homogeneous magnetic field in a range up to a few hundred GeV energies, was considered in [1]. With the…

We study the semiclassical dynamics of interacting electrons in a biased crystal lattice. A complex dynamical scenario emerges from the interplay between the Coulomb and the external electric fields. When the electrons are far apart, the…

The answer to the title-question is affirmative. The analysis of the geometry of continuous and differentiable curves in three-dimensional Euclidean space suggests that the point represents the location of the center of charge of the…

A fraction of energy is theoretically predicted to be captured from electromagnetic field to form a gravitating mass, when a low-mass charged particle enters the strong field from a region of no electromagnetism. In this paper the mass…

The article focuses on the issue of the two definitions of charge, mainly the gauge charge and the effective charge of fundamental particles. Most textbooks on classical electromagnetism and quantum field theory only works with the gauge…

We consider the electric and magnetic energy densities (or equivalently field fluctuations) in the space around a point-like field source in its ground state, after having subtracted the spatially uniform zero-point energy terms, and…

Light fields get large scale fluctuations during inflation. If some of them are electrically charged, then large scale fluctuations of the electric charge will be generated. As a consequence, any finite portion of the Universe, including…

Photons are almost involved in each field of science and daily life of everyone. However, there are still some fundamental and puzzling questions such as what a photon is.The expressions of electromagnetic fields of a photon are here…

We calculate the electromagnetic fields generated in small systems by using a multiphase transport (AMPT) model. Compared to $A+A$ collisions, we find that the absolute electric and magnetic fields are not small in $p$+Au and $d$+Au…

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics fails to explain dark matter and why matter survived annihilation with antimatter following the Big Bang. Extensions to the SM, such as weak-scale Supersymmetry, may explain one or both of these…

We describe a class of theories of dielectric polarization and a species of solitons in these theories. The solitons, made entirely out of the polarization field, have quantized values of the electric charge and can be interpreted as…

A new model of nonlinear electrodynamics with dimensional parameters $\beta$ and $\gamma$ is proposed. The principles of causality and unitarity are studied. We show that a singularity of the electric field at the origin of charges is…