相关论文: The Physical Meaning of Gauge Transformations in E…
In this comment it is argued that the argument for a unique determination of the electromagnetic potentials in classical electrodynamics in [1] is flawed. To the contrary the "gauge freedom" of the electromagnetic potentials has proven as…
Electromagnetic phenomena can be described by Maxwell equations written for the vectors of electric and magnetic field. Equivalently, electrodynamics can be reformulated in terms of an electromagnetic vector potential. We demonstrate that…
We argue that the definition of the thermodynamic work done on a charged particle by a time-dependent electromagnetic field is an open problem, because the particle's Hamiltonian is not gauge-invariant. The solution of this problem demands…
In this paper, we discuss the Maxwell equations in terms of differential forms, both in the 3-dimensional space and in the 4-dimensional space-time manifold. Further, we view the classical electrodynamics as the curvature of a line bundle,…
We have derived energy conservation equations from the quaternionic Newton's law that is compatible with Lorentz transformation. This Newton's law yields directly the Euler equation and other equations governing the fluid motion. With this…
We consider a model of classical noncommutative particle in an external electromagnetic field. For this model, we prove the existence of generalized gauge transformations. Classical dynamics in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian form is discussed,…
The axiomatic structure of the electromagnetic theory is outlined. We will base classical electrodynamics on (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the Lorentz force, (3) magnetic flux conservation, and (4) on the Maxwell-Lorentz spacetime…
We describe the behaviour of semiclassical electrodynamics under gauge transformations. For this purpose we observe the structure of Schr\"odinger equation and matricial elements under these transformations. We conclude this theory is not…
Thermodynamics is based on a coarse-grained approach, from which its fundamental variables emerge, effectively erasing the complicate details of the microscopic dynamics within a macroscopic system. The strength of Thermodynamics lies in…
Contrary to the conventional view point of quantization that breaks the gauge symmetry, a gauge invariant formulation of quantum electrodynamics is proposed. Instead of fixing the gauge, some frame is chosen to yield the locally invariant…
Electromagnetism, the strong and the weak interaction are commonly formulated as gauge theories in a Lagrangian description. In this paper we present an alternative formal derivation of U(1)-gauge theory in a manifestly covariant Hamilton…
After having identified all the possible relationships between the electric field and the magnetic field in a given inertial reference frame we derive the transformation equations for the components of these fields. Special relativity is…
The fallacies associated with the gauge concept in electromagnetism are illustrated. A clearer and more valid formulation of the basics of classical electromagnetism is provided by recognizing existing physical constraints as well as the…
Defining the generalized charge, potential, current and generalized fields as complex quantities where real and imaginary parts represent gravitation and electromagnetism respectively, corresponding field equation, equation of motion and…
The gauge covariant derivative of a wave function is ubiquitous in gauge theory, and with associated gauge transformations it defines charged currents interacting with external fields, such as the Lorentz force exerted by an electromagnetic…
Universality of classical thermodynamics rests on the central limit theorem, due to which, measurements of thermal fluctuations are unable to reveal detailed information regarding the microscopic structure of a macroscopic body. When small…
In Maxwell's classical theory of electrodynamics the fields are frequently expressed by potentials in order to facilitate the solution of the first order system of equations. This method obscures, however, that there exists an inconsistency…
We are taught that gauge transformations in classical and quantum mechanics do not change the physics of the problem. Nevertheless here we discuss three broad scenarios where under gauge transformations: (i) conservation laws are not…
We give a detailed description of electrodynamics as an emergent theory from condensed-matter-like structures, not only {\it per se} but also as a warm-up for the study of the much more complex case of gravity. We will concentrate on two…
Starting from the experimental fact that a moving charge experiences the Lorentz force and applying the fundamental principles of simplicity (first order derivatives only) and linearity (superposition principle), we show that the structure…