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An experimental study of amplitude modulation and phase modulation noise spectra in cascaded amplifiers was carried out as a function of the number of amplification stages and the input power. Flicker and white noise contributions were…

The output of oscillators is usually not stable over time. In particular, phase variations---or \emph{phase noise}---corrupts the oscillations. In this letter, we describe a circuit that designed to average the phase noise processes and…

This contribution focuses on phase-noise added during frequency conversion in low-level radio frequency (LLRF) control systems. The stability of beams' parameters in linear accelerators depends on the stability of amplitude and phase of the…

The close-in AM noise is often neglected, under the assumption that it is a minor problem as compared to phase noise. With the progress of technology and of experimental science, this assumption is no longer true. Yet, information in the…

This article proposes a method for the measurement of Phase Noise (PN, or PM noise) and Amplitude Noise (AN, or AM noise) of Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) and Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS) based on modulation-index amplification.…

Cross-spectrum analysis is a commonly-used technique for the detection of phase and amplitude noise of a signal in the presence of interfering noise. It extracts the desired correlated noise from two time series in the presence of…

This article deals with the erratic and inconsistent phase-noise spectra often seen in low-noise oscillators, whose floor is of the order of $-180$ dBc/Hz or less. Such oscillators are generally measured with two-channel instruments based…

High data rates require vast bandwidths, that can be found in the sub-THz band, and high sampling frequencies, which are predicted to lead to a problematically high analog-to-digital converter (ADC) power consumption. It was proposed to use…

Any amplifier requires coupling to its internal degrees of freedom for energy gain. This coupling introduces extra quantum noise to the output. On the other hand, if the internal degree of the amplifier can be accessed and manipulated, we…

The measurement of the close-to-the-carrier noise of rf and microwave devices is a relevant issue in time and frequency metrology and in some fields of electronics, physics and optics. While phase noise is the main concern, amplitude noise…

This paper deals with the phase noise affecting communication systems, where local oscillators are employed to obtain reference signals for carrier and timing synchronizations. The most common discrete-time phase noise channel model is…

Virtually all commercial instruments for the measurement of the oscillator PM noise make use of the Cross Spectrum method (arXiv:1004.5539 [physics.ins-det], 2010). High sensitivity is achieved by correlation and averaging on two equal…

We describe the use of digital phase noise test sets at frequencies well beyond the sampling rate of their analog-to-digital converters. The technique proposed involves the transfer of phase fluctuations from an arbitrary high carrier…

In fundamental papers from 1962 [1, 2], Heffener and Haus showed that it is not possible to construct a linear noiseless amplifier. The implies that the amplifier intrinsic noise sources induce random perturbations on the phase of the…

Understanding the amplifier phase noise is a critical issue in numerous fields of engineering and physics, like oscillators, frequency synthesis, telecommunications, radars, spectroscopy, in the emerging domain of microwave photonics, and…

Projects aiming to detect gravitational waves (GWs) in space in the millihertz range will utilize interferometers to measure the separations between free-falling test masses. The phasemeter measures the phase changes of the interference…

The influence of outside quantum noises on the amplification of weak measurements is investigated. Three typical quantum noises are discussed. The maximum values of the pointer's shifts decrease sharply with the strength of the depolarizing…

Noise is expected to play an important role in the dynamics of analog systems such as coupled oscillators which have recently been explored as a hardware platform for application in computing. In this work, we experimentally investigate the…

This paper investigates the effect of oscillator phase noise and channel variations due to fading on the performance of communication systems at frequency bands higher than 10GHz. Phase noise and channel models are reviewed and…

We introduce a novel measurement method for the phase noise measurement of optical amplifiers, topologically similar to the Heterodyne Mach-Zehnder Interferometer but governed by different principles, and we report on the measurement of a…