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In this paper we examine different meaning representations that are commonly used in different natural language applications today and discuss their limits, both in terms of the aspects of the natural language meaning they are modelling and…

The simulation hypothesis has recently excited renewed interest in the physics and philosophy communities. However, the hypothesis specifically concerns {\textit{computers}} that simulate physical universes. So to formally investigate the…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 David H. Wolpert

Cybernetics and Systems Research (CSR) were developed in the mid-twentieth century, offering the possibility of describing and comparing different phenomena using the same language. The concepts which originated in CSR have spread to…

适应与自组织系统 · 物理学 2014-02-17 Carlos Gershenson , Peter Csermely , Peter Erdi , Helena Knyazeva , Alexander Laszlo

This article introduces into the whole section on Social Sciences, edited by A. Nowak for this Encyclopedia, concentrating on the applications of mathematics and physics. Here under "mathematics" we include also all computer simulations if…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2008-01-03 D. Stauffer , S. Solomon

These lectures given to graduate students in theoretical particle physics, provide an introduction to the ``inner workings'' of computer algebra systems. Computer algebra has become an indispensable tool for precision calculations in…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Stefan Weinzierl

This paper introduces a theory about the role of language in learning physics. The theory is developed in the context of physics students' and physicists' talking and writing about the subject of quantum mechanics. We found that physicists'…

物理教育 · 物理学 2009-11-13 David T. Brookes , Eugenia Etkina

At the frontier of most areas in science, computer simulations play a central role. The traditional division of natural science into experimental and theoretical investigations is now completely outdated. Instead, theory, simulation, and…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Piet Hut

We argue that language models (LMs) have strong potential as investigative tools for probing the distinction between possible and impossible natural languages and thus uncovering the inductive biases that support human language learning. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-11 Julie Kallini , Christopher Potts

The study of Complex Systems is considered by many to be a new scientific field, and is distinguished by being a discipline that has applications within many separate areas of scientific study. The study of Neural Networks, Traffic…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2007-05-23 Jeffrey B. Smith

The application of psychophysiologicy in human-computer interaction is a growing field with significant potential for future smart personalised systems. Working in this emerging field requires comprehension of an array of physiological…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2016-09-26 Kristian Lukander

Quantum simulations are designed to model quantum systems, and many compilation frameworks have been developed for executing such simulations on quantum computers. Most compilers leverage the capabilities of digital and analog quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-26 Liyi Li , Federico Zahariev , Chandeepa Dissanayake , Jae Swanepoel , Amr Sabry , Mark S. Gordon

Natural language processing (NLP) has recently gained much attention for representing and analysing human language computationally. It has spread its applications in various fields such as machine translation, email spam detection,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-08-01 Diksha Khurana , Aditya Koli , Kiran Khatter , Sukhdev Singh

We give an overview of our philosophy of pictures in mathematics. We emphasize a bi-directional process between picture language and mathematical concepts: abstraction and simulation. This motivates a program to understand different…

历史与综述 · 数学 2018-03-13 Arthur Jaffe , Zhengwei Liu

Chatbots are intelligent conversational computer systems designed to mimic human conversation to enable automated online guidance and support. The increased benefits of chatbots led to their wide adoption by many industries in order to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-01-19 Guendalina Caldarini , Sardar Jaf , Kenneth McGarry

We introduce regular language states, a family of quantum many-body states. They are built from a special class of formal languages, called regular, which has been thoroughly studied in the field of computer science. They can be understood…

Programming is an integral part of computer science discipline. Every day the programming environment is not only rapidly growing but also changing and languages are constantly evolving. Learning of object-oriented paradigm is compulsory in…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-06 Muhammad Shoaib Farooq , Taymour zaman Khan

Computational simulations are a popular method for testing hypotheses about the emergence of communication. This kind of research is performed in a variety of traditions including language evolution, developmental psychology, cognitive…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-03-09 Julian Zubek , Tomasz Korbak , Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi

Quantum computers leverage the unique advantages of quantum mechanics to achieve acceleration over classical computers for certain problems. Currently, various quantum simulators provide powerful tools for researchers, but simulating…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-10-31 Shuangxiang Zhou , Ronghang Chen , Zheng An , Shi-Yao Hou

We survey facts mostly emerging from the seminal results of Alan Cobham obtained in the late sixties and early seventies. We do not attempt to be exhaustive but try instead to give some personal interpretations and some research directions.…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2012-04-27 Michel Rigo

There has been a remarkable increase in work at the interface of computer science and game theory in the past decade. In this article I survey some of the main themes of work in the area, with a focus on the work in computer science. Given…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2021-09-07 Joseph Y. Halpern