相关论文: The Clausius inequality: implications for nonequil…

The second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental law of Nature. It is almost universally associated with the Clausius inequality that lower bounds a change in entropy by the ratio of supplied heat and temperature. However, this result…

We initially prepare a quantum linear oscillator weakly coupled to a bath in equilibrium at an arbitrary temperature. We disturb this system by varying a Hamiltonian parameter of the coupled oscillator, namely, either its spring constant or…

We present an analysis of the foundations of the well known Clausius inequality. It is shown that, strictly speaking, the inequality is not a logical consequence of the Kelvin-Planck formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Some…

Given a thermodynamic process which carries a system from one equilibrium state to another, we construct a quantity whose average, over an ensemble of microscopic realizations of the process, depends only on these end states, even if at…

We investigate nonequilibrium chemical reaction systems from the view point of steady state thermodynamics proposed by Oono and Paniconi [Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 130, 29 (1998)]. The concentrations of some compounds are operated by an…

A first principles analysis of an open system thermodynamical Carnot cycle is provided, and the results are compared to those proposed by Gibbs for open systems. The Kelvin-Clausius statement concerning heat transfer for reversible cycles…

In the context of driven diffusive systems, for thermodynamic transformations over a large but finite time window, we derive an expansion of the energy balance. In particular, we characterize the transformations which minimize the energy…

Clausius inequality has deep implications for reversibility and the arrow of time. Quantum theory is able to extend this result for closed systems by inspecting the trajectory of the density matrix on its manifold. Here we show that this…

Nonequilibrium stationary states of thermodynamic systems dissipate a positive amount of energy per unit of time. If we consider transformations of such states that are realized by letting the driving depend on time, the amount of energy…

Two recent topics on a formal thermodynamic analogy of intracellular diffusivity fluctuations observed experimentally in normal/anomalous diffusion are reported. Not only the analogs of the quantity of heat and work as well as the internal…

The example of macroscopic thermodynamical system violating the Clausius inequality is presented.

Similarity between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics is discussed. It is found that if the Clausius equality is imposed on the Shannon entropy and the analogue of the heat quantity, then the value of the Shannon entropy comes to formally…

The main thread that links classical thermodynamics and the thermodynamics of small quantum systems is the celebrated Clausius inequality form of the second law. However, its application to small quantum systems suffers from two cardinal…

Based on the property of extensivity (mathematically, homogeneity of first degree), we derive in a mathematically consistent manner the explicit expressions of the chemical potential $\mu$ and the Clausius entropy $S$ for the case of…

We extend certain basic and general concepts of thermodynamics to discrete Markov systems exchanging work and heat with reservoirs. In this framework we show that the celebrated Clausius inequality can be generalized and becomes an…

We generalize the Clausius (in)equality to overdamped mesoscopic and macroscopic diffusions in the presence of nonconservative forces. In contrast to previous frameworks, we use a decomposition scheme for heat which is based on an exact…

The work done when a system at thermal equilibrium is externally driven by a unitary control parameter leads to irreversible entropy production. The entropy produced can be thought of as a combination of coherence generation and a…

When a thermodynamic system is released from any constraint, after some time its evolution will render it into an equilibrium state. Although the description of this relaxation to thermodynamic equilibrium has been attempted through both…

We study thermodynamic operations which bring a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) to another NESS in physical systems under nonequilibrium conditions. We model the system by a suitable Markov jump process, and treat thermodynamic…

In this paper, we consider a system of balance laws sufficiently general to contain the equations describing the thermomechanics of a one-dimensional continuum; this system involves some constitutive functions depending on the elements of…