相关论文: A simple derivation of E = mc^2

The expression for entropy sometimes appears mysterious - as it often is asserted without justification. This short manuscript contains a discussion of the underlying assumptions behind entropy as well as simple derivation of this…

Einstein's equations for general relativity, when viewed as a dynamical system for evolving initial data, have a serious flaw: they cannot be proven to be well-posed (except in special coordinates). That is, they do not produce unique…

We investigate a simple variation of the Generalized Harmonic method for evolving the Einstein equations. A flat space wave equation for metric perturbations is separated from the Ricci tensor, with the rest of the Ricci tensor becoming a…

Einstein identified singularities in spacetimes, such as at the Schwarzschild radius, where later relativists only find a coordinate system assigning multiple values to a single spacetime event. These differing judgments derive from…

Jean-Marc Ginoux's recent book, "Poincar\'e, Einstein and the Discovery of Special Relativity: An End to the Controversy" (2024), seeks to close the debate over the respective roles of Poincar\'e and Einstein. Yet what is presented as an…

This paper discusses Einstein's methodology. 1. Einstein characterized his work as a theory of principle and reasoned that beyond kinematics, the 1905 heuristic relativity principle could offer new connections between non-kinematical…

A mathematical complication due to an unnecessary formal assumption concerning the variational principle of general relativity theory, which apparently bothered Einstein and Hilbert, is shown and cleared up. Some historical confusion seems…

There is a set of first-order differential equations for the curvature tensor in general relativity (the curvature equations or CEs for short) that are strikingly similar to the Maxwell equations of electrodynamics. This paper considers…

The famous equation $E=mc^2$ is a version of particle mass being essentially the magnitude of the (energy-)momentum four-vector in the setting of `relativistic' dynamics, which can be seen as dictated by the Poincar\'e symmetry adopted as…

Based on Propostion 6 of his Principia, Newton's geometrical derivation in Propositions 10 and 11 for the radial dependence of the two central forces that lead to elliptical orbits is notoriously difficult. An alternate and more transparent…

A rigorous quantum relativistic approach has been used to calculate the relationship between the decay laws of an unstable particle seen from two inertial frames moving with respect to each other. In agreement with experiment, it is found…

The relativity of simultaneity implies that the image of a Lorentz transformed (LT) spherical (circular) wavefront is not a spherical (circular) wavefront (Einstein 1905) but an ellipsoidal (elliptical) wavefront (Moreau, Am.J.of Phys).We…

We derive Einstein's equations from a linear theory in flat space-time using free-field gauge invariance and universal coupling. The gravitational potential can be either covariant or contravariant and of almost any density weight. We adapt…

We demonstrate that exceptional field theory is a truncation of the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of E11 and its first fundamental as proposed in 2003. Evaluating the simple equations of the E11 approach, and using the…

Einstein said that gravity is an acceleration like any other acceleration. But gravity causes relativistic effects at non-relativistic speeds; so gravity could have relativistic origins. And since the strong force is thought to cause most…

This note is devoted to a detail concerning the work of Albert Einstein and Peter Bergmann on unified theories of electromagnetism and gravitation in five dimensions. In their paper of 1938, Einstein and Bergmann were among the first to…

This is the first in a series Of papers in which we initiate the study Of very rough solutions to the initial value problem for the Einstein Vacuum equations expressed relative to wave coordinates. By very rough we mean solutions which…

In 1927 Einstein sent two brief communications to the Prussian Academy of Sciences on Kaluza's five-dimensional theory. In his Einstein biography, Abraham Pais asserted that he could not understand the reasons that pushed Einstein to…

Einstein's perihelion advance formula can be given a geometric interpretation in terms of the curvature of the ellipse. The formula can be obtained by splitting the constant term of an auxiliary polar equation for an elliptical orbit into…

It is pointed out that the usual derivation of the well-known Maxwell electromagnetic equations holds only for a medium at rest. A way in which the equations may be modified for the case when the mean flow of the medium is steady and…