相关论文: Complex Numbers and Physical Reality

In this paper, we further develop the theory of circles of partition by introducing the notion of complex circles of partition. This work generalizes the classical framework, extending from subsets of the natural numbers as base sets to…

We argue that complex systems science and the rules of quantum physics are intricately related. We discuss a range of quantum phenomena, such as cryptography, computation and quantum phases, and the rules responsible for their complexity.…

This chapter delves into the realm of computational complexity, exploring the world of challenging combinatorial problems and their ties with statistical physics. Our exploration starts by delving deep into the foundations of combinatorial…

We survey some of the connections linking complex dynamics to other fields of mathematics and science. We hope to show that complex dynamics is not just interesting on its own but also has value as an applicable theory.

Complex numbers enter fundamental physics in at least two rather distinct ways. They are needed in quantum theories to make linear differential operators into Hermitian observables. Complex structures appear also, through Hodge duality, in…

We associate a real distribution to any complex Lie algebroid that we call distribution of real elements and a new invariant that we call real rank, given by the pointwise rank of this distribution. When the real rank is constant, we obtain…

The implications of the physical theory of quantum mechanics on the question of realism is much a subject of sustaining interest, while the background questions among physicists on how to think about all the theoretical notion and…

Dirac talked about q-numbers versus c-numbers. Quantum observables are q-number variables that generally do not commute among themselves. He was proposing to have a generalized form of numbers as elements of a noncommutative algebra. That…

Mathematical objects are generally abstract and not very approachable. Illustrations and interactive visualizations help both students and professionals to comprehend mathematical material and to work with it. This approach lends itself…

The rising complexity of our terrestrial surrounding is an empirical fact. Details of this process evaded description in terms of physics for long time attracting attention and creating myriad of ideas including non-scientific ones. In this…

We consider the problem of solving a linear system of equations which involves complex variables and their conjugates. We characterize when it reduces to a complex linear system, that is, a system involving only complex variables (and not…

Complex macroscopic behaviour can arise in many-body systems with only very simple elements as a consequence of the combination of competition and inhomogeneity. This paper attempts to illustrate how statistical physics has driven this…

The quantum world is fascinating. It presents a description of nature that defies our most rooted concepts about what reality is. For example, quantum objects possess \lq\lq spooky\rq\rq\ properties that allow them to be in multiple places…

We propose the extension of the complex numbers to be the new domain where new concepts, like negative and imaginary probabilities, can be defined. The unit of the new space is defined as the solution of the unsolvable equation in the…

We formulate physically-motivated axioms for a physical theory which for systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom uniquely lead to Quantum Mechanics as the only nontrivial consistent theory. Complex numbers and the existence of…

Today, science have a powerful tool for the description of reality - the numbers. However, the concept of number was not immediately, lets try to trace the evolution of the concept. The numbers emerged as the need for accurate estimates of…

Complex networks, modeled as large graphs, received much attention during these last years. However, data on such networks is only available through intricate measurement procedures. Until recently, most studies assumed that these…

Taking into account the results that we have been obtained during the last decade in the foundations of quantum mechanic we put forward a view on reality that we call the 'creation discovery view'. In this view it is made explicit that a…

Part 1 : For more than two millennia, ever since Euclid's geometry, the so called Archimedean Axiom has been accepted without sufficiently explicit awareness of that fact. The effect has been a severe restriction of our views of space-time,…

What is the distance between 11 (a prime number) and 12 (a highly composite number)? If your answer is 1, then ask yourself "is this reasonable?" In this work, we will introduce a distance between natural numbers based on their arithmetic…