相关论文: Energy Balance in an Electrostatic Accelerator
We show that a cyclic unitary process can extract work from the thermodynamic equilibrium state of an engineered quantum dissipative process. Systems in the equilibrium states of these processes serve as batteries, storing energy. The…
An electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) stores energy by modulating the spatial distribution of ions in the electrolytic solution that it contains. We determine the mean-field time scales for planar EDLC relaxation to equilibrium, after a…
The fully kinetic simulations of magnetic nozzle acceleration are conducted to investigate the axial momentum gains of ions and electrons with the electrostatic and Lorentz forces. Axial momentum gains per ion and electron are directly…
We calculate the electrostatic potential and electric field of a uniformly charged disk everywhere in space. This electrostatic problem was solved long ago, and its gravitational analogue - even earlier. However, it seems that physics…
The transverse properties of an electron beam are characterized by two quantities, the emittance which indicates the electron beam extend in the phase space and the angular momentum which allows for non-planar electron trajectories. Whereas…
We discuss a semi-analytical solution of the transport equation for electrons at a non-relativistic shock in the presence of synchrotron energy losses. We calculate the spectrum of accelerated (test) particles at any point upstream and…
We consider two point-like charges in electrostatic interaction between them within the framework of a nonlinear model, associated with QED, that provides finiteness of their field energy. We find the common field of the two charges in a…
It is shown that a well-defined expression for the total electromagnetic force $f^{em}$ on a point charge source of the classical electromagnetic field can be extracted from the postulate of total momentum conservation whenever the…
Thermoelectric efficiency is defined as the ratio of power delivered to the load of a device to the rate of heat flow from the source. Till date, it has been studied in presence of thermodynamic constraints set by the Onsager reciprocal…
The dynamic response of an interacting electron system is determined by an extension of the relaxation-time approximation forced to obey local conservation laws for number, momentum and energy. A consequence of these imposed constraints is…
In a watt balance, stray capacitances exist between the coil and the magnet. Since the electric current flowing in the coil originates a difference between the coil and magnet electric-potentials, their electrostatic interactions must be…
The transport and distribution of charged particles are crucial in the study of many physical and biological problems. In this paper, we employ an Energy Variational Approach to derive the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes system.…
This paper is devoted to the characterization of the energy release rate of a crack which is merely closed, connected, and with density $1/2$ at the tip. First, the blow-up limit of the displacement is analyzed, and the convergence to the…
We obtain the fields and electromagnetic self-force of a charge distributed on the surface of a sphere undergoing rigid motion at constant proper acceleration, where the charge distribution has axial symmetry about the direction of motion.…
When modelling driven steady states of matter, it is common practice either to choose transition rates arbitrarily, or to assume that the principle of detailed balance remains valid away from equilibrium. Neither of those practices is…
We study the energy flow due to the motion of topological solitons in nonlinear extended systems in the presence of damping and driving. The total field momentum contribution to the energy flux, which reduces the soliton motion to that of a…
We develop a systematic approach to calculating the electrostatic force between point charges in an arbitrary geometry with arbitrary boundary conditions. When the boundary is present, the simple expression for the force acting on a charge…
We predict that electrons in an ion channel can gain ultra-relativistic energies by simultaneously interacting with a laser pulse and, counter-intuitively, with a decelerating electric field. The crucial role of the decelerating field is to…
We demonstrate the trapping of electrons propagating ballistically at far-above-equilibrium energies in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in high magnetic field. We find low-loss transport along a gate-modified mesa edge in contrast to an…
In electromagnetic statics, the standard procedure to determine the electric scalar potential or magnetic vector potential in a bounded space is to solve Poisson's equation subject to certain boundary conditions. On the other hand, as a…