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The framework of Pearl's Causal Hierarchy (PCH) formalizes three types of reasoning: probabilistic (i.e. purely observational), interventional, and counterfactual, that reflect the progressive sophistication of human thought regarding…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-07 Julian Dörfler , Benito van der Zander , Markus Bläser , Maciej Liskiewicz

The "Modularity Conjecture" is the assertion that the join of two nonmodular varieties is nonmodular. We establish the veracity of this conjecture for the case of linear idempotent varieties. We also establish analogous results concerning…

环与代数 · 数学 2012-12-24 Wolfram Bentz , Luis Sequeira

There is a duality theory connecting certain stochastic orderings between cumulative distribution functions F_1,F_2 and stochastic orderings between their inverses F_1^(-1),F_2^(-1). This underlies some theories of utility in the case of…

统计理论 · 数学 2011-08-05 Alessandra Giovagnoli , Henry P. Wynn

The propositional logic is generalized on the real numbers field. the logical function with all properties of the classical probability function is obtained. The logical analog of the Bernoulli independent tests scheme is constructed. The…

综合数学 · 数学 2007-05-23 G. A. Quznetsov

We define a potentialist system of ZF-structures, that is, a collection of possible worlds in the language of ZF connected by a binary accessibility relation, achieving a potentialist account of the full background set-theoretic universe…

逻辑 · 数学 2020-07-06 Raffaella Cutolo , Joel David Hamkins

By dimensional reduction of a self dual p-form theory on some compact space, we determine the duality generators of the gauge theory in 4 dimensions. In this picture duality is seen as a consequence of the geometry of the compact space. We…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2009-10-30 D. S. Berman

We study three methods that prove the positivity of a natural numerical invariant associated to $1-$parameter families of polarized varieties. All these methods involve different stability conditions. In dimension 2 we prove that there is a…

代数几何 · 数学 2023-12-29 Miguel A. Barja , Lidia Stoppino

Propositional term modal logic is interpreted over Kripke structures with unboundedly many accessibility relations and hence the syntax admits variables indexing modalities and quantification over them. This logic is undecidable, and we…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2019-01-01 Anantha Padmanabha , R Ramanujam

A particular two-parameter class of little string theories can be described by $M$ parallel M5-branes probing a transverse affine $A_{N-1}$ singularity. We previously discussed the duality between the theories labelled by $(N,M)$ and…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2017-09-13 Stefan Hohenegger , Amer Iqbal , Soo-Jong Rey

Quantified propositional intuitionistic logic is obtained from propositional intuitionistic logic by adding quantifiers \forall p, \exists p over propositions. In the context of Kripke semantics, a proposition is a subset of the worlds in a…

逻辑 · 数学 2015-04-21 Richard Zach

Using GCH, we force the following: There are continuum many simple cardinal characteristics with pairwise different values.

逻辑 · 数学 2011-01-25 Jakob Kellner

New invariants for 2-dimensional cell complexes are defined, which can be interpreted as curvature bounds. These invariants are proved to be rational and computable in a companion article. This document is a survey that collects theorems…

群论 · 数学 2024-05-16 Henry Wilton

If T has only countably many complete types, yet has a type of infinite multiplicity then there is a ccc forcing notion Q such that, in any Q --generic extension of the universe, there are non-isomorphic models M_1 and M_2 of T that can be…

逻辑 · 数学 2007-05-23 Michael C. Laskowski , Saharon Shelah

The biggest challenge in hybrid systems verification is the handling of differential equations. Because computable closed-form solutions only exist for very simple differential equations, proof certificates have been proposed for more…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2015-11-25 Andre Platzer

We summarize the known methods of producing a non-supercompact strongly compact cardinal and describe some new variants. Our Main Theorem shows how to apply these methods to many cardinals simultaneously and exactly control which cardinals…

逻辑 · 数学 2007-05-23 Arthur W. Apter , Joel David Hamkins

We present a systematic study of the method of "norms on possibilities" of building forcing notions with keeping their properties under full control. This technique allows us to answer several open problems, but on our way to get the…

逻辑 · 数学 2013-01-03 Andrzej Roslanowski , Saharon Shelah

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in explanation methods for neural model predictions that offer precise formal guarantees. These include abductive (respectively, contrastive) methods, which aim to compute minimal subsets…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-03 Ouns El Harzli , Bernardo Cuenca Grau , Ian Horrocks

This paper has two parts. In the first one, we prove that an invariant dp-minimal type is either finitely satisfiable or definable. We also prove that a definable version of the (p,q)-theorem holds in dp-minimal theories of small or medium…

逻辑 · 数学 2015-09-24 Pierre Simon

We deal with relatives of GCH which are provable. In particular we deal with rank version of the revised GCH. Our motivation was to find such results when only weak versions of the axiom of choice are assumed but some of the results gives…

逻辑 · 数学 2010-03-03 Saharon Shelah

Let $f:X\to X $ be a dominant self-morphism of an algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We consider the set $\Sigma_{f^{\infty}}$ of $f$-periodic (irreducible closed) subvarieties of small dynamical…

代数几何 · 数学 2022-08-10 Yohsuke Matsuzawa , Sheng Meng , Takahiro Shibata , De-Qi Zhang , Guolei Zhong