相关论文: Constrained Dynamical Systems: Separation of Const…

Dynamical systems, described by Lagrangians with first- and second-class constraints, are investigated. In the Dirac approach to the generalized Hamiltonian formalism, the classification and separation of the first- and second-class…

The way of finding all the constraints in the Hamiltonian formulation of singular (in particular, gauge) theories is called the Dirac procedure. The constraints are naturally classified according to the correspondig stages of this…

In the framework of the generalized Hamiltonian formalism by Dirac, the local symmetries of dynamical systems with first- and second-class constraints are investigated. For theories with an algebra of constraints of special form (to which a…

Hamiltonian systems with functionally dependent constraints (irregular systems), for which the standard Dirac procedure is not directly applicable, are discussed. They are classified according to their behavior in the vicinity of the…

Dirac formalism of Hamiltonian constraint systems is studied for the noncommutative Abelian Proca field. It is shown that the system of constraints are of second class in agreement with the fact that the Proca field is not guage invariant.…

These are pedagogical notes on the Hamiltonian formulation of constrained dynamical systems. All the examples are finite dimensional, field theories are not covered, and the notes could be used by students for a preliminary study before the…

A toy model (suggested by Klauder) is analyzed from the perspective of First Class and Second Class Dirac constrained systems. The comparison is made by turning a First Class into a Second Class system with the introduction of suitable…

Unfortunately, the Hamiltonian mechanics of degenerate Lagrangian systems is usually presented as a mere recipe of Dirac, with no explanation as to how it works. Then it comes to discussing conjectures of whether all primary constraints…

The Dirac constraint formalism is used to analyze the first order form of the Einstein-Hilbert action in d > 2 dimensions. Unlike previous treatments, this is done without eliminating fields at the outset by solving equations of motion that…

We derive the Hamilton equations of motion for a constrained system in the form given by Dirac, by a limiting procedure, starting from the Lagrangean for an unconstrained system. We thereby ellucidate the role played by the primary…

The gauge symmetries of a general dynamical system can be systematically obtained following either a Hamiltonean or a Lagrangean approach. In the former case, these symmetries are generated, according to Dirac's conjecture, by the first…

A detailed program is proposed in the Lagrangian formalism to investigate the dynamical behavior of a theory with singular Lagrangian. This program goes on, at different levels, parallel to the Hamiltonian analysis. In particular, we…

Hamiltonian systems with linearly dependent constraints (irregular systems), are classified according to their behavior in the vicinity of the constraint surface. For these systems, the standard Dirac procedure is not directly applicable.…

We show the well-posed variational principle in constraint systems. In a naive procedure of the variational principle with constraints, the proper number of boundary conditions does not match with that of physical degrees of freedom…

We review the Dirac formalism for dealing with constraints in a canonical Hamiltonian formulation and discuss gauge freedom and display constraints for gauge theories in a general context. We introduce the Dirac bracket and show that it…

The main goal of these lectures is to introduce and review the Hamiltonian formalism for classical constrained systems and in particular gauge theories. Emphasis is put on the relation between local symmetries and constraints and on the…

We consider the problem of constrained motion along a conic path under a given external potential function. The model is described as a second-class system capturing the behavior of a certain class of specific quantum field theories. By…

First-class constraints constitute a potential obstacle to the computation of a Poisson bracket in Dirac's theory of constrained Hamiltonian systems. Using the pseudoinverse instead of the inverse of the matrix defined by the Poisson…

The Dirac constraint formalism is applied to linearized gravity to determine the structure of constraints and construct the canonical Hamiltonian. The diffeomorphism invariance of the Lagrangian is retrieved by a nontrivial generalization…

In this work we discuss the natural appearance of the Generalized Brackets in systems with non-involutive (equivalent to second class) constraints in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. We show how a consistent geometric interpretation of the…