相关论文: Second Order Gauge Theory
New, gauge-independent, second-order Lagrangian for the motion of classical, charged test particles is used to derive the corresponding Hamiltonian formulation. For this purpose a Hamiltonian description of the theories derived from the…
We consider the Lee-Wick (LW) finite electrodynamics, i.e., the U(1) gauge theory where a (gauge-invariant) dimension-6 operator containing higher-derivatives is added to the free Lagrangian of the U(1) sector. Three bounds on the LW heavy…
We rewrite the Lagrangian of the fermionic sector of the Standard Model in a novel compact form. The new Lagrangian is second order in derivatives, and is obtained from the usual first order Lagrangian by integrating out all primed (or…
In this paper, we study the theory of second gradient electromagnetostatics as the static version of second gradient electrodynamics. The theory of second gradient electrodynamics is a linear generalization of higher order of classical…
The first order form of a three dimensional U(1) gauge theory in which a gauge invariant mass term appears is analyzed using the Dirac procedure. The form of the gauge transformation which leaves the action invariant is derived from the…
We consider an extended theory of gravity with Lagrangian $\mathcal{L} = f(R,{\bf T}^{(n)})$, with ${\bf T}^{(n)}$ being a $2n$-th order invariant made of contractions of the energy-momentum tensor. When $n=1$ this theory reduces to…
This is the second paper in a series on the dynamics of matter fields in the causal set approach to quantum gravity. We start with the usual expression for the Lagrangian of a charged scalar field coupled to a SU(n) Yang-Mills field, in…
The scalar field theory with higher derivatives is considered in the first order formalism. The field equation of the forth order describes scalar particles possessing two mass states. The first order relativistic wave equation in the…
A brief description of the supersymmetric and duality covariant approach to supergravity is presented. The formalism is based on exceptional geometric structures and turns the hidden U-duality group into a manifest gauge symmetry. Tensor…
Dual electrodynamics and corresponding Maxwell's equations (in the presence of monopole only) are revisited from the symmetry of duality and gauge invariance. Accordingly, the manifestly covariant, dual symmetric and gauge invariant two…
A variational method is discussed, extending the Gaussian effective potential to higher orders. The single variational parameter is replaced by trial unknown two-point functions, with infinite variational parameters to be optimized by the…
We derive an Ehrenfest theorem for SU(2) lattice gauge theory which, after Abelian projection, relates the Abelian field strength and a dynamical electric current and defines these operators for finite lattice spacing. Preliminary results…
It has been proposed several times in the past that one can obtain an equivalent, but in many aspects simpler description of fermions by first reformulating their first-order (Dirac) Lagrangian in terms of two-component spinors, and then…
Gauge theories can be described by assigning a vector space V(x) to each space time point x. A common set of complex numbers, C, is usually assumed to be the set of scalars for all the V{x}. This is expanded here to assign a separate set of…
A recent construction of the electroweak theory, based on perturbative quantum gauge invariance alone, is extended to the case of more generations of fermions with arbitrary mixing. The conditions implied by second order gauge invariance…
The gauge theories underlying gauged supergravity and exceptional field theory are based on tensor hierarchies: generalizations of Yang-Mills theory utilizing algebraic structures that generalize Lie algebras and, as a consequence, require…
The Lagrangian of self-dual gauge theory in various formulations are reviewed. From these results we see a simple rule and use it to present some new non-covariant Lagrangian based on the decomposition of spacetime into $D=D_1+D_2+D_3$. Our…
Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates QED. Here we formalize and generalize…
The idea of gauging (i.e. making local) symmetries of a physical system is a central feature of many modern field theories. Usually, one starts with a Lagrangian for some scalar or spinor matter fields, with the Lagrangian being invariant…
We systematically embed the SU(2)$\times$U(1) Higgs model in the unitary gauge into a fully gauge-invariant theory by following the generalized BFT formalism. We also suggest a novel path to get a first-class Lagrangian directly from the…