相关论文: What is the Force between Electrons?
In quantum field theory the concept of a Lagrangian interaction density, expressed in terms of fields, is primary. Forces between two particles are regarded as arising primarily from the exchange of quanta of the bosonic fields. Thus, in…
Scattering or tunneling of an electron at a potential barrier is a fundamental quantum effect. Electron-electron interactions often affect the scattering, and understanding of the interaction effect is crucial in detection of various…
This paper sets out to establish a comparative study between classes of spin- and velocity-dependent potentials for spin-1/2 and spin-1 matter currents/sources in the non-relativistic regime. Both (neutral massive) scalar and vector…
The one-particle exchange in the double folded model is analyzed. To this aim the Extended Thomas-Fermi approach to the one-body density matrix is used. The nucleon- nucleon force with Yukawa, Gauss and Coulomb-type form factors are…
There are two long-range forces in the Universe, electromagnetism and gravity.We have found a general expression for the energy of interaction in these cases alphaXhbarXc/r, where alpha is the fine structure constant and r is the distance…
The system of particles interacting via multibody interatomic potential of general form is considered. Possible variants of partition of the total force acting on a single particle into pair contributions are discussed. Two definitions for…
A brief up-to-date review of the long range forces generated by two neutrino exchange is presented. The potential due to exchange of a massive neutrino-antineutrino pair between particles carrying weak charge might be larger than expected…
We give a general expression for the static potential energy of the gravitational interaction of two massive particles, in terms of an invariant vacuum expectation value of the quantized gravitational field. This formula holds for…
In this paper the two-photon interactions at high energies are investigated considering different approaches for the QCD dynamics. In particular, we calculate the $\gamma^* \gamma^*$ total cross section in different theoretical approches…
Interaction between two interpenetrating spherically symmetric charge distributions has been calculated. Limited range terms appear in addition to the Coulomb potential. Its strength increases and range decreases with reducing sizes of the…
We propose a simple quantum mechanical equation for $n$ particles in two dimensions, each particle carrying electric charge and magnetic flux. Such particles appear in (2+1)-dimensional Chern-Simons field theories as charged vortex soliton…
The motion of a system of particles under electromagnetic interaction is considered. Under the assumption that the force acting on an electric charge is given by the sum of the electromagnetic fields produced by any other charged particles…
The potential energy problem in an electrostatically bound two-body system is studied in the framework of a recently proposed impact model of the electrostatic force and in analogy to the potential energy in a gravitationally bound system.…
The article focuses on the issue of the two definitions of charge, mainly the gauge charge and the effective charge of fundamental particles. Most textbooks on classical electromagnetism and quantum field theory only works with the gauge…
We point out a few remarkable properties of the $\gamma\gamma\to\gamma\gamma$ process at high energy. They should allow to search for effects of new particles and interactions. We give illustrations with threshold effects due to pairs of…
Long-range forces between macroscopic objects are mediated by light particles that interact with the electrons or nucleons, and include spin-dependent static components as well as spin- and velocity-dependent components. We parametrize the…
Ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions and protons are the energy frontier for electromagnetic interactions. Both photonuclear and two-photon collisions are studied, at collision energies that are far higher than are available elsewhere.…
The novel possibilities of probing the photon structure and high energy limit of QCD at photon colliders are summarised. We discuss the photon structure function $F_2^{\gamma}(x,Q^2)$, the gluon distribution in the photon and the spin…
The exchange of spin-0 or spin-1 bosons between fermions or spin-polarised macroscopic objects gives rise to various spin-dependent potentials. We derive the coordinate-space non-relativistic potentials induced by the exchange of such…
Recent ab initio lattice studies have found that the interactions between alpha particles (4He nuclei) are sensitive to seemingly minor details of the nucleon-nucleon force such as interaction locality. In order to uncover the essential…