相关论文: What is the Force between Electrons?
The energy levels of two interacting electrons in a 2D quantum dot confined by a finite Gaussian potential and subjected to a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the dot are studied. Analytic results are obtained for the…
We describe the physical relativity of light and matter quantum subsystems, their correlations, and energy exchanges. We examine the most commonly adopted definitions of atoms and photons, noting the significant difference in their…
The effect of random shooting of particles is considered on the basis of solution of the Schrodinger equation and in terms of the Wigner function. Two-particles description shows, in particular, that initial correlation leads to high…
The nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) potential is the residual interaction of the strong interaction in the low-energy region and is also the fundamental input to the study of atomic nuclei. Based on the non-perturbative properties of the quantum…
The spectral properties of up to four interacting electrons confined within a quasi one--dimensional system of finite length are determined by numerical diagonalization including the spin degree of freedom. The ground state energy is…
In the recent years there was published some papers in which the photons are represented as electromagnetic solitons [1,2,3]. All particles - solitons - represent some electromagnetic field restricted in a very small volume, length,…
The probability amplitude for $N$ particles in a quantum gas with negligible range of interparticle interaction potentials to come to a small region of size $r$ scales like $r^\gamma$. It is shown that $\gamma$ is quantitatively related to…
The Schrodinger motion of a charged quantum particle in an electromagnetic potential can be simulated by the paraxial dynamics of photons propagating through a spatially inhomogeneous medium. The inhomogeneity induces geometric effects that…
Gauge invariance, a core principle in electrodynamics, has two separate meanings. One concept treats the photon as the gauge particle for electrodynamics. It is based on symmetries of the Lagrangian, and requires no mention of electric or…
Energy levels are investigated for two charged particles possessing an attractive, momentum-independent, zero-range interaction in a uniform magnetic field. A transcendental equation governs the spectrum, which is characterized by a…
We show that the Lorentz force law, F^L_1=q_1(E+v_1xB) being the charge on particle 1 interacting with the electromagnetic fields due to all other particles, can be written in a pure field form F^L_1=-\nabla_1 U^{EM}. In this expression…
The cross sections for the processes \gamma \nu --> \gamma\gamma \nu, \gamma\gamma -->\gamma\nu\bar{\nu} and \nu\bar{\nu} -->\gamma\gamma\gamma are calculated with the aid of an effective Lagrangian derived from the Standard model. These…
We present a unified framework for studying Coulomb interactions in arbitrary environments using macroscopic quantum electrodynamics on the basis of the electromagnetic Green's function. Our theory can be used to derive the Coulomb…
We study the potential of $\gamma \gamma$ option of future high energy linear $e^{+}e^{-}$ colliders to search for excited electrons with spin-1/2. We calculate single production cross sections, give the angular distributions and $f-m^*$…
We compute the transition amplitudes between charged particles of mass $M$ and $m$ accelerated by a constant electric field and interacting by the exchange of quanta of a third field. We work in second quantization in order to take into…
We review different aspects of the atom-atom and atom-wall Casimir-Polder forces. We first discuss the role of a boundary condition on the interatomic Casimir-Polder potential between two ground-state atoms, and give a physically…
Assuming the charged particle to be a two-dimensional oscillator that scatters the classical background of zero-point field one can deduce the Coulomb force of the two interacting particles. The correct deduction of the force is conditioned…
In this work we experimentally demonstrate the quantum interference of force effect using pairs of entangled photons. Although photons are massless particles, they have linear momentum, and our experiments show that the quantum…
We discuss some elementary examples of interactions (at low velocity) between point charges and magnetic dipoles using potentials, along the lines indicated by Konopinsky, and show that the physical interpretation might look quite different…
We study the force between two circular electrodes in different configurations. A formula analogous to Kelvin's formula for the spheres is given in the case of equal disks held at the same potential and when one plate is earthed. An…