相关论文: Partition function for the eigenvalues of the Wils…
Using a description of the Levin-Wen model excitations in terms of Wilson lines, we compute the degeneracy of the energy levels for any input anyon theory and for any trivalent graph embedded on any (orientable) compact surface. This result…
Since the work of Mac-Dowell-Mansouri it is well known that gravity can be written as a gauge theory for the de Sitter group. In this paper we consider the coupling of this theory to the simplest gauge invariant observables that is, Wilson…
To study the deconfining phase transition at nonzero temperature, I outline the perturbative construction of an effective theory for straight, thermal Wilson lines. Certain large, time dependent gauge transformations play a central role.…
This paper shows that there are no {\em physical} walls in the deconfined, high-temperature phase of $Z(2)$ lattice gauge theory. In a Hamiltonian formulation, the interface in the Wilson lines is not physical. The line interface and its…
The deconfining transition in non-Abelian gauge theory is known to occur by a condensation of Wilson lines. By expanding around an appropriate Wilson line background, it is possible at large $N$ to analytically continue the confining phase…
The physics of the Wilson line leads to new developments in high temperature particle physics. The main tool is the effective action for a given fixed value of the phase of the Wilson line. It furnishes a gauge invariant infrared cut off,…
It is shown that gauge theories are most naturally studied via a polar decomposition of the field variable. Gauge transformations may be viewed as those that leave the density invariant but change the phase variable by additive amounts. The…
This paper shows that there are no physical walls in the deconfined, high-temperature phase of Z(2) lattice gauge theory. In a Hamiltonian formulation, the interface in the Wilson lines is not physical. The line interface and its energy are…
Variational calculations using Gaussian wave functionals combined with an approximate projection on gauge invariant states are presented. We find that the energy exhibits a minimum for a wave functional centered around a non vanishing…
We study the partition function and entropy of U(1) gauge theories with multiple boundaries on the black holes background. The nontrivial boundary conditions allow residual zero longitudinal momentum modes and Wilson lines stretched between…
At a nonzero temperature T, a constant field $\overline{A}_0 \sim T/g$ generates nontrivial eigenvalues of the thermal Wilson line. We discuss contributions to the free energy of such a holonomous plasma when the coupling constant, $g$, is…
In this paper we derive the general expression of a one-loop effective potential of the nonintegrable phases of Wilson lines for an SU(N) gauge theory with a massless adjoint fermion defined on the spactime manifold $R^{1,d-3}\times T^2$ at…
The contribution of quarks to the effective potential for the phase of the Wilson line is computed at nonzero temperature and quark chemical potential to one and two loop order. At zero temperature, regardless of the value of the quark…
We evaluate the energy splitting of vacua appearing in the gauge theory in the space $M_4\times S^N/Z_2$ ($N=2,3,4,5,6$ and $7$). One-loop quantum effects which come from scalar and gauge fields are considered. We calculate them at zero…
A Feynman-Jensen version of the thermal variational principle is applied to hot gauge fields, Abelian as well as non-Abelian: scalar electrodynamics (without scalar self-coupling) and the gluon plasma. The perturbatively known self-energies…
This article is devoted to the regular fractional Sturm--Liouville eigenvalue problem. Applying methods of fractional variational analysis we prove existence of countable set of orthogonal solutions and corresponding eigenvalues. Moreover,…
The open Wilson lines are gauge-invariant operators made with a gauge transporter along an open path saturated at the end-points with matter fields. Here it is shown that numerical experiments on 3D Z2 Higgs model provide useful guidance in…
The partition function of gravitons with Casimir-type boundary conditions is worked out. The simplest box that allows one to achieve full analytical control consists of a slab geometry with two infinite parallel planes separated by a…
The equation of state of a system at equilibrium may be derived from the canonical or the grand canonical partition function. The former is a function of temperature T, while the latter also depends on the chemical potential \mu for…
We considered the thermodynamics in spaces with deformed commutation relation leading to existence of the minimal length. We developed a classical method of the partition function evaluation. We calculated the partition function and heat…