相关论文: Boundary Localized Symmetry Breaking and Topologic…

The established results concerning the BRS cohomology of supersymmetric theories in four space-time dimensions are briefly reviewed. The current status of knowledge concerning supersymmetry anomalies and the possibility that supersymmetry…

The issue of symmetry and symmetry breaking is fundamental in all areas of science. Symmetry is often assimilated to order and beauty while symmetry breaking is the source of many interesting phenomena such as phase transitions,…

With the ansatz that there exist local or global discrete symmetries in the special branes' neighborhoods, we can construct the extra dimension models with only zero modes, or the models which have large extra dimensions and arbitrarily…

We conjecture that the extra dimensions are physical non-compact at high energy scale or high temperature; after the symmetry breaking or cosmological phase transition, the bulk cosmological constant may become negative, and then, the extra…

We consider dynamics of a scalar field in compactification scenario of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet cosmology. It is shown that if the field is non-minimally coupled to curvature, its asymptotic value under certain conditions may be shifted from…

Perhaps the most important aspect of symmetry in physics is the idea that a state does not need to have the same symmetries as the theory that describes it. This phenomenon is known as spontaneous symmetry breaking. In these lecture notes,…

Topological defects (such as monopoles, vortex lines, or domain walls) mark locations where disparate choices of a broken symmetry vacuum elsewhere in the system lead to irreconcilable differences. They are energetically costly (the energy…

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a well-understood mechanism for generating distinct phases of matter. Recently, the notion of symmetry has been broadened to include operations without inverses, leading to the concept of non-invertible…

The language and methods of algebraic topology, particularly homotopy theory, have been extensively used in the study of the identification, the classification and the evolution of defects. Topological methods provide the means for the…

Symmetry breaking in two-dimensional layered materials plays a significant role in their macroscopic electrical, optical, magnetic and topological properties, including but not limited to spin-polarization effects, valley-contrasting…

We investigate the coupled dynamics of symmetry breaking and phase separation during quenches across the critical point in a first-order phase transition. Based on the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory, we construct a holographic superfluid…

Topological defects are common in many everyday systems. In general, they appear if a symmetry is broken at a rapid phase transition. In this article, I explain why it is believed that they should have also been formed in the early universe…

Reduction from a higher-dimensional to a lower-dimensional field theory can display special features when the zero-level ground state has nontrivial dependence on the reduction coordinates. In particular, a delayed `covert' form of…

We propose a new spontaneous supersymmetry breaking mechanism, in which extra compact dimensions play an important role. To illustrate our mechanism, we study a simple model consisting of two chiral superfields, where one spatial dimension…

We propose a stringy mechanism whereby a large hierarchy between symmetry breaking scales is generated. This mechanism is based upon the existence of a fifth dimension compactified on a segment. We focus on a simple supersymmetric model…

Boundary conditions on an extra-dimensional interval can be chosen to break bulk gauge symmetries and to reduce the rank of the gauge group. We consider this mechanism in models with gauge trinification. We determine the boundary conditions…

Recent 3D organ reconstitution studies show that a group of stem cells can establish a body axis and acquire different fates in a spatially organized manner. How such symmetry breaking happens in the absence of external spatial cues, and…

In this thesis we focus on the construction of models in which a supersymmetry breaking hidden sector is located on one fixed point of an extra dimensional interval and the effects are gauge mediated across this interval to the other fixed…

Nonlinear sigma models appear in a wide variety of physics contexts, such as the long-range order with spontaneously broken continuous global symmetries. There are also large classes of quantum criticality admit sigma model descriptions in…

Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs when the symmetry that a physical system possesses, is not preserved for the ground state of the system. Although the procedure of symmetry breaking is quite clear from the mathematical point of view,…