相关论文: How to observe fluctuating temperature?
We extract chemical freeze-out conditions via a thermal model approach from fluctuation observables measured at RHIC and compare with results from lattice QCD and statistical hadronization model fits. The possible influence of additional…
We measure the energy fluctuations of a Brownian particle confined by an optical trap in an aging gelatin after a very fast quench (less than 1 ms). The strong nonequilibrium fluctuations due to the assemblage of the gel, are interpreted,…
This Letter presents the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations of the net number (difference between the particle and antiparticle multiplicities) of multistrange hadrons $\Xi^-$ and $\overline{\Xi}^+$ and its correlation with…
Fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities are fundamental for the study of the QGP phase transition. Among several observables calculated on an event-by-event basis, the different measures of the charge and mean transverse momentum…
We review a series of experimental studies of the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes at the microscale. In particular, in these experiments we studied the fluctuations of the thermodynamic properties of a single optically-trapped…
The elliptic flows of thermal di-electrons are investigated within a (2+1)-dimension event-by-event hydrodynamic model for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. The fluctuating initial conditions are given by the Monte Carlo Glauber…
The definition of a nonequilibrium temperature through generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations relies on the independence of the fluctuation-dissipation temperature from the observable considered. We argue that this observable…
We investigate various possible definitions of an effective temperature for a particularly simple nonequilibrium stationary system, namely a heated Brownian particle suspended in a fluid. The effective temperature based on the fluctuation…
Event-by-event fluctuations of the chemical composition of the hadronic system produced in nuclear collisions are believed to be sensitive to properties of the transition between confined and deconfined strongly interacting matter. In this…
A method to study event--by--event fluctuations of the `chemical' (particle type) composition of the final state of high energy collisions is proposed.}
Event-by-event hydrodynamics, with fluctuating initial conditions, has shown to nicely reproduce several features of experimentally observed quantities in high-energy nuclear collisions. Here we discuss how it may help to understand, in a…
Event-by-event fluctuations of hadronic patterns in heavy-ion collisions are studied in search for signatures of quark-hadron phase transition. Attention is focused on a narrow strip in the azimuthal angle with small $\Delta y$. The…
Thermal photon emission is widely believed to reflect properties of the earliest, hottest evolution stage of the medium created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Previous computations of photon emission have been carried out using…
We discuss the information that can be obtained from an analysis of fluctuations in heavy ion collisions within the context of the statistical model of particle production. We then examine the recently published experimental data on ratio…
Many natural systems exhibit dynamics characterized by alternating phases or recurring sets of states. Describing the fluctuations of such systems over stochastic trajectories is necessary across diverse fields, from biological motors to…
Event-by-event hydrodynamics (or hydrodynamics with fluctuating initial conditions) has been developed in the past few years. Here we discuss how it may help to understand the various structures observed in two-particle correlations.
The energy of a finite system thermally connected to a thermal reservoir may fluctuate, while the temperature is a constant representing a thermodynamic property of the reservoir. The finite system can also be used as a thermometer for the…
Overview of event-by-event studies on relativistic heavy-ion collisions is given. I focus on fluctuation measurements and on theoretical ideas which appeared experimentally fruitful.
We follow the dynamics of an ensemble of interacting self-propelled motorized particles in contact with an equilibrated thermal bath. We find that the fluctuation-dissipation relation allows for the definition of an effective temperature…
Event-by-event (ebe) fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity values of relativistic charged particles in full phase space is studied by analysing experimental data on $^{16}O-AgBr$ collisions at 14.5A, 60A, and 200A GeV/c and $^{32}S-AgBr$…