相关论文: How to observe fluctuating temperature?

Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, we study event-by-event fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in participant nucleon as well as thermal models. The calculated physical observables, including…

The interaction of light with a material's electronic system creates an out-of-equilibrium (non-thermal) distribution of optically excited electrons. Non-equilibrium dynamics relaxes this distribution on an ultrafast timescale to a hot…

Active matter and driven systems exhibit statistical fluctuations in density and particle positions, providing an indirect indicator of dissipation across multiple length and time scales. Here, we quantitatively relate these measurable…

Biologically driven non-equilibrium fluctuations are often characterized by their non-Gaussianity or by an "effective temperature", which is frequency dependent and higher than the ambient temperature. We address these two measures…

Motivated by the wide range of applicability of the fluctuation and dissipation phenomena in non-equilibrium systems, we provide a universal study scheme for the dissipation of the energy and the corresponding Brownian motion analysis of…

We study the statistics of the power flux into a collection of inelastic beads maintained in a fluidized steady-state by external mechanical driving. The power shows large fluctuations, including frequent large negative fluctuations, about…

Thermodynamics is usually formulated on the presumption that the observer has complete information about the system he/she deals with: no parasitic current, exact evaluation of the forces that drive the system. For example, the acclaimed…

We give a brief review of violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) in out-of-equilibrium systems; in mean field scenarios the corresponding fluctuation-dissipation (FD) plots can, in the limit of long times, be used to define…

In this article, we address the problem of how temperature of a quantum system is observed. By proposing a thought experiment, we argue that temperature must be conceived as an operator and its measurement must necessarily accompany a…

The E and B Experiment (EBEX) is a balloon-borne polarimeter designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation and to characterize the polarization of galactic dust. EBEX was launched December 29, 2012 and…

The notion of configuration temperature is extended to discontinuous systems by identifying the temperature as the nontrivial root of several integral equations regarding the distribution of the energy change upon configuration…

Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within a (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Results from event-by-event simulations are…

The sporadic large fluctuations are seen in the stock market due to changes in fundamental parameters, technical setups, and external factors. These large fluctuations are termed as Extreme Events (EE). The EEs may be positive or negative…

We provide a strategy for an exact inference of the average as well as the fluctuations of the entropy production in non-equilibrium systems in the steady state, from the measurements of arbitrary current fluctuations. Our results are built…

The fundamental insight into Brownian motion by Einstein is that all substances exhibit continual fluctuations due to thermal agitation balancing with the frictional resistance. However, even at thermal equilibrium, biological activity can…

We derive the two-particle fluctuation correlator in a thermal gas of pi-mesons to the lowest order in an interaction due to a resonance exchange. A diagrammatic technique is used. We discuss how this result can be applied to event-by-event…

Temperature-dependent transport data, including diffusion coefficients and ionic conductivities, are routinely analysed by fitting empirical models such as the Arrhenius equation. These fitted models yield parameters such as the activation…

Event-by-event analysis of heavy-ion collision events is an important tool for the study of the QCD phase boundary and formation of a quark-gluon plasma. A universal feature of phase boundaries is the appearance of increased fluctuations of…

Gibbs and Boltzmann definitions of temperature agree only in the macroscopic limit. The ambiguity in identifying the equilibrium temperature of a finite sized `small' system exchanging energy with a bath is usually understood as a…

We study the fluctuations of a Brownian micro particle trapped with optical tweezers in a gelatin solution undergoing a fast local temperature quench below the sol-gel transition. Contrary to what was previously reported, we observe no…