相关论文: Testing the equivalence principle: why and how?

A central problem in proof-theory is that of finding criteria for identity of proofs, that is, for when two distinct formal derivations can be taken as denoting the same logical argument. In the literature one finds criteria which are…

In this paper, a new approximate syllogistic reasoning schema is described that expands some of the approaches expounded in the literature into two ways: (i) a number of different types of quantifiers (logical, absolute, proportional,…

The use of logical systems for problem-solving may be as diverse as in proving theorems in mathematics or in figuring out how to meet up with a friend. In either case, the problem solving activity is captured by the search for an…

The computational complexity of reasoning within the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence is one of the main points of criticism this formalism has to face. To overcome this difficulty various approximation algorithms have been suggested that…

AI Impact Assessments are only as good as the measures used to assess the impact of these systems. It is therefore paramount that we can justify our choice of metrics in these assessments, especially for difficult to quantify ethical and…

In this study, the orthogonalization process for different inner products is applied to pairwise comparisons. Properties of consistent approximations of a given inconsistent pairwise comparisons matrix are examined. A method of a derivation…

This review presents a survey of, and guide to, New Materials Physics research. It begins with an overview of the goals of New Materials Physics and then presents important ideas and techniques for the design and growth of new materials. An…

The paper proposes a fresh look at the concept of goal and advances that motivational attitudes like desire, goal and intention are just facets of the broader notion of (acceptable) outcome. We propose to encode the preferences of an agent…

In chemical safety assessment, validation studies rely on reference compound lists to evaluate the applicability of alternative methods prior to regulatory acceptance. These lists are expected to cover multiple aspects, including chemical…

E prover is a state-of-the-art theorem prover for first-order logic with equality. E prover is built around a saturation loop, where new clauses are derived by inference rules from previously derived clauses. Selection of clauses for the…

Subjective assessment tests are often employed to evaluate image processing systems, notably image and video compression, super-resolution among others and have been used as an indisputable way to provide evidence of the performance of an…

Norms with sanctions have been widely employed as a mechanism for controlling and coordinating the behavior of agents without limiting their autonomy. The norms enforced in a multi-agent system can be revised in order to increase the…

The problem of advancing coordinatization of mathematics is considered. The need to develop a theory for measuring value and complexity of mathematical implications and proofs is discussed including motivations, benefits and implementation…

In this paper, we propose how to use objective arguments grounded in statistical mechanics concepts in order to obtain a single number, obtained after aggregation, which would allow to rank "agents", "opinions", ..., all defined in a very…

We point out that the ideas underlying some test procedures recently proposed for testing post-model-selection (and for some other test problems) in the econometrics literature have been around for quite some time in the statistics…

Preferably in two- or three-arm randomized clinical trials, a few (2,3) correlated multiple primary endpoints are considered. In addition to the closed testing principle based on different global tests, two max(maxT) tests are compared with…

In recent years philosophers of science have explored categorical equivalence as a promising criterion for when two (physical) theories are equivalent. On the one hand, philosophers have presented several examples of theories whose…

We consider a permutation method for testing whether observations given in their natural pairing exhibit an unusual level of similarity in situations where any two observations may be similar at some unknown baseline level. Under a null…

Some questions have multiple answers that are not equally correct, i.e. answers are different under different conditions. Conditions are used to distinguish answers as well as to provide additional information to support them. In this…

Quantum mechanics is one of our most successful physical theories; its predictions agree with experimental observations to an extremely high accuracy. However, the bare formalism of quantum theory does not provide straightforward answers to…