相关论文: Testing the equivalence principle: why and how?

Choice overload - in which larger choice sets are detrimental to a chooser's well-being - is potentially of great importance in the design of economic policy. Yet the current evidence on its prevalence is inconclusive. We argue that…

The complexity of biological systems, and the increasingly large amount of associated experimental data, necessitates that we develop mathematical models to further our understanding of these systems. As biological systems are generally not…

Score tests have the advantage of requiring estimation alone of the model restricted by the null hypothesis, which often is much simpler than models defined under the alternative hypothesis. This is typically so when the alternative…

These lecture notes survey the emerging area of Universal Proof Theory, which investigates general questions about the existence, equivalence, and characterization of good proof systems for broad classes of logics. In particular, the notes…

The so-called paradoxes of material implication have motivated the development of many non-classical logics over the years \cite{aA75,nB77,aA89,gP89,sH96}. In this note, we investigate some of these paradoxes and classify them, over minimal…

Combining a standard proof search method, such as resolution or tableaux, and rewriting is a powerful way to cut off search space in automated theorem proving, but proving the completeness of such combined methods may be challenging. It may…

Many economic theory models incorporate finiteness assumptions that, while introduced for simplicity, play a real role in the analysis. We provide a principled framework for scaling results from such models by removing these finiteness…

We present a method to simplify expressions in the context of an equational theory. The basic ideas and concepts of the method have been presented previously elsewhere but here we tackle the difficult task of making it efficient in…

While tested to a high level of accuracy in the Solar system, general relativity is under the spotlight of both theoreticians and observers on larger scales, mainly because of the need to introduce dark matter and dark energy in the…

We give a formalization of the notion of test purpose based on (suitably restricted) Message Sequence Charts. We define the validity of test cases with respect to such a formal test purpose and provide a simple decision procedure for…

It has been argued that reduction procedures are closely connected to the question about identity of proofs and that accepting certain reductions would lead to a trivialization of identity of proofs in the sense that every derivation of the…

We study the class of equimultiple modules. In particular, we prove several criteria for an equimultiple module to be a complete intersection and prove the openness of the equimultiple locus of an ideal module.

The famous equivalence theorem is reexamined in order to make it applicable to the case of intrinsically quantum infinite-component effective theories. We slightly modify the formulation of this theorem and prove it basing on the notion of…

We study a sequential decision-making model where a set of items is repeatedly matched to the same set of agents over multiple rounds. The objective is to determine a sequence of matchings that either maximizes the utility of the least…

In order to determine whether or not an effect is absent based on a statistical test, the recommended frequentist tool is the equivalence test. Typically, it is expected that an appropriate equivalence margin has been specified before any…

The quantum decision theory is examined in its simplest form of two-condition two-choice setting. A set of inequalities to be satisfied by any quantum conditional probability describing the decision process is derived. Experimental data…

Concolic testing is a popular dynamic validation technique that can be used for both model checking and automatic test case generation. We have recently introduced concolic testing in the context of logic programming. In contrast to…

This article offers a gentle introduction to the axiom of choice. We introduce the axiom, discuss some common objections to it, and present three kinds of reasons to accept it. Although the exposition is aimed at non-experts in set theory,…

The problem of identifying to which of a given set of classes objects belong is ubiquitous, occurring in many research domains and application areas, including medical diagnosis, financial decision making, online commerce, and national…

The paper provides a simple test for deciding, from a given causal diagram, whether two sets of variables have the same bias-reducing potential under adjustment. The test requires that one of the following two conditions holds: either (1)…