相关论文: Easy Sets and Hard Certificate Schemes

In this note, we study the easy certificate classes introduced by Hemaspaandra, Rothe, and Wechsung, with regard to the question of whether or not surjective one-way functions exist. This is an important open question in cryptology. We show…

We provide the first evidence for the inherent difficulty of finding complex sets with optimal proof systems. For this, we construct oracles $O_1$ and $O_2$ with the following properties, where $\mathrm{RE}$ denotes the class of recursively…

This paper presents the following results on sets that are complete for NP. 1. If there is a problem in NP that requires exponential time at almost all lengths, then every many-one NP-complete set is complete under length-increasing…

Ko [RAIRO 24, 1990] and Bruschi [TCS 102, 1992] showed that in some relativized world, PSPACE (in fact, ParityP) contains a set that is immune to the polynomial hierarchy (PH). In this paper, we study and settle the question of…

How hard is it to invert NP-problems? We show that all superlinearly certified inverses of NP problems are coNP-hard. To do so, we develop a novel proof technique that builds diagonalizations against certificates directly into a circuit.

We investigate replicable learning algorithms. Ideally, we would like to design algorithms that output the same canonical model over multiple runs, even when different runs observe a different set of samples from the unknown data…

We propose and investigate probabilistic guarantees for the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms. While traditional formal verification approaches for robustness are intractable and sampling-based approaches do not provide…

Type-two constructions abound in cryptography: adversaries for encryption and authentication schemes, if active, are modeled as algorithms having access to oracles, i.e. as second-order algorithms. But how about making cryptographic schemes…

Do complexity classes have many-one complete sets if and only if they have Turing-complete sets? We prove that there is a relativized world in which a relatively natural complexity class-namely a downward closure of NP, \rsnnp - has…

We analyse how the standard reductions between constraint satisfaction problems affect their proof complexity. We show that, for the most studied propositional, algebraic, and semi-algebraic proof systems, the classical constructions of…

One way of suggesting that an NP problem may not be NP-complete is to show that it is in the class UP. We suggest an analogous new approach---weaker in strength of evidence but more broadly applicable---to suggesting that concrete~NP…

Many practical problems in almost all scientific and technological disciplines have been classified as computationally hard (NP-hard or even NP-complete). In life sciences, combinatorial optimization problems frequently arise in molecular…

We focus on rational solutions or nearly-feasible rational solutions that serve as certificates of feasibility for polynomial optimization problems. We show that, under some separability conditions, certain cubic polynomially constrained…

Typestate systems ensure many desirable properties of imperative programs, including initialization of object fields and correct use of stateful library interfaces. Abstract sets with cardinality constraints naturally generalize typestate…

A non-negativity certificate (NNC) is a way to write a polynomial so that its non-negativity on a semialgebraic set becomes evident. Positivstellens\"atze (Ps\"atze) guarantee the existence of NNCs. Both, NNCs and Ps\"atze underlie powerful…

As state-of-the-art neural networks are deployed on reasoning and algorithmic tasks, exactness guarantees become increasingly important. However, high average-case accuracy can still mask inconsistent behaviors. This motivates exact…

It has recently been shown that the problem of testing global convexity of polynomials of degree four is {strongly} NP-hard, answering an open question of N.Z. Shor. This result is minimal in the degree of the polynomial when global…

Internal positivity offers a computationally cheap certificate for external (input-output) positivity of a linear time-invariant system. However, the drawback with this certificate lies in its realization dependency. Firstly, computing such…

The Subset Sum problem is a classical NP-complete problem with a long-standing $O^*(2^{n/2})$ deterministic bound due to Horowitz and Sahni. We present results at two distinct levels of generality. First (instance-sensitive bound), we…

Almost sure reachability refers to the property of a stochastic system whereby, from any initial condition, the system state reaches a given target set with probability one. In this paper, we study the problem of certifying almost sure…