相关论文: Information in statistical physics

Some general considerations on the notion of entropy in physics are presented. An attempt is made to clarify the question of the differentiation between physical entropy (the Clausius-Boltzmann one) and quantities called entropies…

In classical physics, entropy quantifies the randomness of large systems, where the complete specification of the state, though possible in theory, is not possible in practice. In quantum physics, despite its inherently probabilistic…

These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…

In the previous papers (Kui\'{c} et al. in Found Phys 42:319-339, 2012; Kui\'{c} in arXiv:1506.02622, 2015), it was demonstrated that applying the principle of maximum information entropy by maximizing the conditional information entropy,…

Random matrix ensembles (RME) of quantum statistical Hamiltonian operators, {\em e.g.} Gaussian random matrix ensembles (GRME) and Ginibre random matrix ensembles (Ginibre RME), found applications in literature in study of following quantum…

Thermodynamics can be formulated in either of two approaches, the phenomenological approach, which refers to the macroscopic properties of systems, and the statistical approach, which describes systems in terms of their microscopic…

An essential quantity in quantum information theory is the von Neumann entropy which depends entirely on the quantum density operator. Once known, the density operator reveals the statistics of observables in a quantum process, and the…

The question of how irreversibility can emerge as a generic phenomena when the underlying mechanical theory is reversible has been a long-standing fundamental problem for both classical and quantum mechanics. We describe a mechanism for the…

We review the physical foundations of Landauer's Principle, which relates the loss of information from a computational process to an increase in thermodynamic entropy. Despite the long history of the Principle, its fundamental rationale and…

The deep connection between entropy and information is discussed in terms of both classical and quantum physics. The mechanism of information transfer between systems via entanglement is explored in the context of decoherence theory. The…

Observational entropy provides a general notion of quantum entropy that appropriately interpolates between Boltzmann's and Gibbs' entropies, and has recently been argued to provide a useful measure of out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic…

The principle of maximum entropy is a broadly applicable technique for computing a distribution with the least amount of information possible while constrained to match empirically estimated feature expectations. However, in many real-world…

A colloquial interpretation of entropy is that it is the knowledge gained upon learning the outcome of a random experiment. Conditional entropy is then interpreted as the knowledge gained upon learning the outcome of one random experiment…

During a spontaneous change, a macroscopic physical system will evolve towards a macro-state with more realizations. This observation is at the basis of the Statistical Mechanical version of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and it provides…

Formalising the confrontation of opinions (models) to observations (data) is the task of Inferential Statistics. Information Theory provides us with a basic functional, the relative entropy (or Kullback-Leibler divergence), an asymmetrical…

This paper discusses the thermodynamic irreversibility realized in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems with a time-dependent parameter. A new quantity, the irreversible information loss, is defined from the Lyapunov analysis so as to…

We pedagogically present the information theory as originally established, explaining its essential ideas and paying attention to the expression employed to measure the amount of information. Also we discussed relationships between…

The entropy shows an unavoidable tendency of disorder in thermostatistics according to the second thermodynamics law. This provides a minimization entropy principle for quantum thermostatistics with the von Neumann entropy and nonextensive…

The Principle of Maximum Entropy is a rigorous technique for estimating an unknown distribution given partial information while simultaneously minimizing bias. However, an important requirement for applying the principle is that the…

A framework for a quantum mechanical information theory is introduced that is based entirely on density operators, and gives rise to a unified description of classical correlation and quantum entanglement. Unlike in classical (Shannon)…