相关论文: Are current-induced forces conservative?

We present general first principles derivation of expression for current-induced forces. The expression is applicable in non-equilibrium molecular systems with arbitrary intra-molecular interactions and for any electron-nuclei coupling. It…

We revisit the problem of forces on atoms under current in nanoscale conductors. We derive and discuss the five principal kinds of force under steady-state conditions from a simple standpoint that - with the help of background literature -…

The effect of nonconservative current-induced forces on the ions in a defect-free metallic nanowire is investigated using both steady-state calculations and dynamical simulations. Non-conservative forces were found to have a major influence…

We address the microscopic origin of the current-induced forces by analyzing results of first principles density functional calculations of atomic gold wires connected to two gold electrodes with different electrochemical potentials. We…

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in nanoelectromechanical devices, current-driven quantum machines, and the mechanical effects of electric currents on nanoscale conductors. Here, we carry out a thorough study of the…

Conservation of current and conservation of charge are nearly the same thing: when enough is known about charge movement, conservation of current can be derived from conservation of charge, in ideal dielectrics, for example. Conservation of…

This work formulates and gives grounds for general principles and theorems that question the energy function doctrine and its quantum version as a genuine law of nature without borders of adequacy. The emphasis is on the domain where the…

In the context of Faraday's induction law, we show that the concept of virtual work provides another point of view to clarify the nature of the induced electric field, as well as the fact that the integral over a closed path of the induced…

We theoretically predict that a pure steady state spin-current without charge-current can induce an electric field. A formula for the induced electric field is derived and we investigate its characteristics. Conversely, a moving spin is…

Electricity plays a special role in our lives and life. Equations of electron dynamics are nearly exact and apply from nuclear particles to stars. These Maxwell equations include a special term the displacement current (of vacuum).…

It is pointed out that current conservation alone does not suffice to prove Hara's theorem as it was claimed recently. By explicit calculation we show that the additional implicit assumption made in such "proofs" is that of a sufficiently…

Entropic forces have recently attracted considerable attention as ways to reformulate, retrodict, and perhaps even "explain'" classical Newtonian gravity from a rather specific thermodynamic perspective. In this article I point out that if…

The spin-dependent inertial force in an accelerating system under the presence of electromagnetic fields is derived from the generally covariant Dirac equation. Spin currents are evaluated by the force up to the lowest order of the…

It is demonstrated that energy conservation allows for a straight derivation of Newtonian mechanics without an apriori definition of the concept of work. Furthermore it is shown that energy must be depicted as a function of position and…

A method for designing variational principles for the dynamics of a possibly dissipative and non-conservatively forced chain of particles is demonstrated. Some qualitative features of the formulation are discussed.

A reply is made to Comment by D.P.Sheehan in which he takes notice that the quantum force introduced in my earlier paper A.V.Nikulov, Phys. Rev. B 64, 012505 (2001) challenges to the absolute status of the second law of thermodynamics. It…

We start by surveying the history of the idea of a fundamental conservation law and briefly examine the role conservation laws play in different classical contexts. In such contexts we find conservation laws to be useful, but often not…

In some cases, it is possible to show the conservation of energy by using equations of motion in mechanics. By considering these results, some people can think that the conservation of energy is the result of equations of motion or Newton's…

Maxwell's displacement current has been the subject of controversy for more than a century. Questions on whether the displacement current represents a true current like the conduction current and whether it produces a magnetic field have…

We discuss persistent currents for particles with internal degrees of freedom. The currents arise because of winding properties essential for the chaotic motion of the particles in a confined geometry. The currents do not change the…