相关论文: Continuous Limit of Multiple Lens Effect and the O…

Two exact lens equations have been recently shown to be equivalent to each other, being consistent with the gravitational deflection angle of light from a source to an observer, both of which can be within a finite distance from a lens…

The transition of the binary gravitational lens from the equal mass case to small (planetary) mass ratios q is studied. It is shown how the limit of a (pure shear) Chang-Refsdal lens is approached, under what conditions the Chang-Refsdal…

We use comparisons between the shapes of gravitational lens galaxies and models for their mass distributions to derive statistical constraints on the alignment of the mass distribution relative to the observed lens galaxy and on the…

The mathematical theory of gravitational lensing has revealed many generic and global properties. Beginning with multiple imaging, we review Morse-theoretic image counting formulas and lower bound results, and complex-algebraic upper bounds…

When the gravitational lensing potential can be approximated by that of circularly symmetric system affected by weak perturbations, it is found that the shape of the resulting (tangential) caustics is entirely specified by the local…

In order to clarify effects of the finite distance from a lens object to a light source and a receiver, the gravitational deflection of light has been recently reexamined by using the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) theorem in differential geometry…

The four observables associated with gravitational lensing of distant quasars by intervening galaxies: image splittings, relative amplifications, time delays, and optical depths, provide separate measures of the strength of the…

Gravitational lensing has developed into one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of the dark universe. This review summarises the theory of gravitational lensing, its main current applications and representative results achieved so…

Image distortion due to weak gravitational lensing is examined using a non-perturbative method of integrating the geodesic deviation and optical scalar equations along the null geodesics connecting the observer to a distant source. The…

We develop an iterative approach to gravitational lensing theory based on approximate solutions of the null geodesic equations. The approach can be employed in any space-time which is ``close'' to a space-time in which the null geodesic…

Keeping the exact general relativistic treatment of light bending as a reference, we compare the accuracy of commonly used approximate lens equations. We conclude that the best approximate lens equation is the Ohanian lens equation, for…

While most strong-gravitational-lensing systems may be roughly modelled by a single massive object between the source and the observer, in the details all the structures near the light path contribute to the observed images. These…

Wave effects can be important for the gravitational lensing of gravitational waves. In such a case, wave optics must be used in stead of geometric optics. We consider a plane wave entering a lens object and solve numerically the wave…

We discuss the ratio of the angular diameter distances from the source to the lens, $D_{ds}$, and to the observer at present, $D_{s}$, for various dark energy models. It is well known that the difference of $D_s$s between the models is…

The precision reached by current and forthcoming strong-lensing observations requires to accurately model various perturbations to the main deflector. Hitherto, theoretical models have been developed to account for either cosmological…

We discuss strong gravitational lensing by multiple objects along any line of sight. The probability for strong gravitational lensing by more than one lens is small, but a number of strong lens systems in which more than one separate lens…

We show that the gravitational magnification factor averaged over all configurations of lenses in a locally inhomogeneous universe satisfy a second order differential equation with redshift $z$ by taking the continuous limit of multi-plane…

We investigate imaging point sources with a monopole gravitational lens, such as the Solar Gravitational Lens in the geometric optics limit. We compute the light amplification of the lens used in conjunction with a telescope featuring a…

An overview is given on those theoretical gravitational lensing results that can be formulated in a spacetime setting, without assuming that the gravitational fields are weak and that the bending angles are small. The first part is devoted…

We investigate the finite source size effect in the context of the wave optics in the gravitational lensing. The magnification of an extended source is presented in an analytic manner for the singular isothermal sphere lens model as well as…