相关论文: Performance of weakly-supervised electronic health…

The rapid expansion of large-scale electronic health record (EHR) data offers unique opportunities to improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical risk estimation. Yet, because clinical events may occur outside the recording health…

Building phenotype models using electronic health record (EHR) data conventionally requires manually labeled cases and controls. Assigning labels is labor intensive and, for some phenotypes, identifying gold-standard controls is…

Objective: Natural language processing can help minimize human intervention in identifying patients meeting eligibility criteria for clinical trials, but there is still a long way to go to obtain a general and systematic approach that is…

In many modern machine learning applications, the outcome is expensive or time-consuming to collect while the predictor information is easy to obtain. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims at utilizing large amounts of `unlabeled' data along…

Rare diseases affect an estimated 300-400 million people worldwide, yet individual conditions remain underdiagnosed and poorly characterized due to their low prevalence and limited clinician familiarity. Computational phenotyping offers a…

High-quality labels are often very scarce, whereas unlabeled data with inferred weak labels occurs more naturally. In many cases, these weak labels dictate the frequency of each respective class over a set of instances. In this paper, we…

Scalable and accurate identification of specific clinical outcomes has been enabled by machine-learning applied to electronic medical record (EMR) systems. The development of classification models requires the collection of a complete…

In many applications, training machine learning models involves using large amounts of human-annotated data. Obtaining precise labels for the data is expensive. Instead, training with weak supervision provides a low-cost alternative. We…

Weakly supervised learning is a popular approach for training machine learning models in low-resource settings. Instead of requesting high-quality yet costly human annotations, it allows training models with noisy annotations obtained from…

Existing weak supervision approaches use all the data covered by weak signals to train a classifier. We show both theoretically and empirically that this is not always optimal. Intuitively, there is a tradeoff between the amount of…

The accurate labeling of datasets is often both costly and time-consuming. Given an unlabeled dataset, programmatic weak supervision obtains probabilistic predictions for the labels by leveraging multiple weak labeling functions (LFs) that…

Pseudo-labels are widely employed in weakly supervised 3D segmentation tasks where only sparse ground-truth labels are available for learning. Existing methods often rely on empirical label selection strategies, such as confidence…

A significant proportion of clinical physiologic monitoring alarms are false. This often leads to alarm fatigue in clinical personnel, inevitably compromising patient safety. To combat this issue, researchers have attempted to build Machine…

Computational text phenotyping is the practice of identifying patients with certain disorders and traits from clinical notes. Rare diseases are challenging to be identified due to few cases available for machine learning and the need for…

Understanding sleep and activity patterns plays a crucial role in physical and mental health. This study introduces a novel approach for sleep detection using weakly supervised learning for scenarios where reliable ground truth labels are…

Weak supervision has shown promising results in many natural language processing tasks, such as Named Entity Recognition (NER). Existing work mainly focuses on learning deep NER models only with weak supervision, i.e., without any human…

In this study, a spectral graph-theoretic grouping strategy for weakly supervised classification is introduced, where a limited number of labelled samples and a larger set of unlabelled samples are used to construct a larger annotated…

Rare diseases are characterized by low prevalence and are often chronically debilitating or life-threatening. Imaging-based classification of rare diseases is challenging due to the severe shortage in training examples. Few-shot learning…

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a high-prevalence pregnancy complication that requires accurate early risk stratification to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity. However, real-world clinical deployment of machine learning is hindered…

Weakly supervised data are widespread and have attracted much attention. However, since label quality is often difficult to guarantee, sometimes the use of weakly supervised data will lead to unsatisfactory performance, i.e., performance…