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Contrast transfer mechanisms for electron scattering have been extensively studied in transmission electron microscopy. Here we revisit H. Rose's generalized contrast formalism from scattering theory to understand where information is…

光学 · 物理学 2025-10-28 Desheng Ma , Guanxing Li , David A Muller , Steven E Zeltmann

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has a broad range of applications in materials characterization, including real-space imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction, at length scales from the micron to sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om. The…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-06-07 Bryan D Esser , Joanne Etheridge

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been extensively used for imaging complex materials down to atomic resolution. The most commonly employed STEM modality, annular dark-field imaging, produces easily-interpretable…

4D-STEM, in which the 2D diffraction plane is captured for each 2D scan position in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) using a pixelated detector, is complementing and increasingly replacing existing imaging approaches.…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-07-27 Colum M. O'Leary , Benedikt Haas , Christoph T. Koch , Peter D. Nellist , Lewys Jones

A new method for dark field imaging is introduced which uses scanned electron diffraction (or 4DSTEM - 4-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy) datasets as its input. Instead of working on simple summation of intensity, it…

材料科学 · 物理学 2024-09-18 Ian MacLaren , Andrew T. Fraser , Matthew R. Lipsett , Colin Ophus

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) provides high-resolution visualization of atomic structures as well as various functional imaging modes utilizing phase contrast. In this study we introduce a semicircular aperture in STEM…

Ptychography provides highly efficient imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), but questions have remained over its applicability to strongly scattering samples such as those most commonly seen in materialsscience.…

应用物理 · 物理学 2022-09-07 C. Gao , C. Hofer , D. Jannis , A. Béché , J. Verbeeck , T. J. Pennycook

We analyze the quantum limit of sensitivity in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), which has emerged as a favored technique for imaging the structure of a wide variety of materials, including biological and…

光学 · 物理学 2024-08-14 Christian Dwyer , David M. Paganin

The development of four-dimensional (4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using fast detectors has opened-up new avenues for addressing some of long-standing challenges in electron imaging. One of these challenges is how to…

材料科学 · 物理学 2021-01-19 Yu-Tsun Shao , Renliang Yuan , Haw-Wen Hsiao , Qun Yang , Yang Hu , Jian-Min Zuo

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is a powerful tool that allows for the simultaneous acquisition of spatial and diffraction information, driven by recent advancements in direct electron detector…

材料科学 · 物理学 2024-10-23 Ujjval Bansal , Amit Sharma , Barbara Putz , Christoph Kirchlechner , Subin Lee

Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) offers valuable insights into scattering mediums, but the quest for high-resolution imaging often requires dense sampling strategies, leading to higher imaging errors and lengthy acquisition times. This work…

光学 · 物理学 2025-04-07 Ben Wiesel , Shlomi Arnon

Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for visualizing the shapes of sub-nanometer objects. However, contrast is not in proportional to density distribution, and therefore achieving a quantitative understanding of specimens is not…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2020-05-14 Masato Tomita , Yukinori Nagatani , Kazuyoshi Murata , Atsushi Momose

Four-dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM) is a powerful technique for high-resolution and high-precision materials characterization at multiple length scales, including the characterization of beam-sensitive…

应用物理 · 物理学 2023-08-11 Hsu-Chih Ni , Renliang Yuan , Jiong Zhang , Jian-Min Zuo

The contrast transfer function (CTF) is widely used to evaluate phase retrieval methods in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), including center-of-mass imaging, parallax imaging, direct ptychography, and iterative…

All materials are made from atoms arranged either in repeating (crystalline) or in random (amorphous) structures. Diffraction measurements probe average distances between atoms and/or planes of atoms. A transmission electron microscope in…

材料科学 · 物理学 2025-07-24 Andreas Werbrouck , Nikhila C. Paranamana , Xiaoqing He , Matthias J. Young

We introduce a phase imaging mechanism for scanning transmission electron microscopy that exploits the complementary intensity changes of transmitted disks at different scattering angles. For scanning transmission electron microscopy, this…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2023-07-06 Binbin Wang , David W. McComb

We propose a new scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) technique that can realize the three-dimensional (3D) characterization of vacancies, lighter and heavier dopants with high precision. Using multislice STEM imaging and…

材料科学 · 物理学 2016-07-12 Jared M. Johnson , Soohyun Im , Jinwoo Hwang

We present annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) as an efficient, fast, and non-destructive nanoscale tool for monitoring solid-state phase transition. Using metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide…

Forward and backward scattering provide complementary volumetric and interfacial information, yet conventional three-dimensional (3D) imaging typically accesses only one. In this Letter, we present a substrate-enhanced diffraction…

光学 · 物理学 2026-03-05 Tongyu Li , Yi Shen , Dashan Dong , Danchen Jia , Jianpeng Ao , Ji-Xin Cheng , Lei Tian

Momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (MRSTEM) is a powerful phase-contrast technique that can map lateral magnetic and electric fields ranging from the micrometer to the subatomic scale. Resolving fields ranging from…

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