相关论文: An Italian Gender Equality Index

The widespread use of AI and ML models in sensitive areas raises significant concerns about fairness. While the research community has introduced various methods for bias mitigation in binary classification tasks, the issue remains…

The diffusion of artificial intelligence, particularly generative models, is expected to transform labor markets in uneven ways across sectors, territories, and social groups. This paper proposes a methodological framework to estimate the…

This paper examines how international AI governance frameworks address gender issues and gender-based harms. The analysis covers binding regulations, such as the EU AI Act; soft law instruments, like the UNESCO Recommendations on AI Ethics;…

The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) approach is a widely used statistical method for analyzing longitudinal data and clustered data in clinic studies. In dentistry, due to multiple outcomes obtained from one patient, the outcomes…

We propose an extension of the univariate Lorenz curve and of the Gini coefficient to the multivariate case, i.e., to simultaneously measure inequality in more than one variable. Our extensions are based on copulas and measure inequality…

For the comparison of inequality and welfare in multiple attributes the use of generalized Gini indices is proposed. Individual endowment vectors are summarized by using attribute weights and aggregated in a spectral social evaluation…

Indexes are useful for summarizing multivariate information into single metrics for monitoring, communicating, and decision-making. While most work has focused on defining new indexes for specific purposes, more attention needs to be…

Mutual information is a measure of the dependence between random variables that has been used successfully in myriad applications in many fields. Generalized mutual information measures that go beyond classical Shannon mutual information…

In this paper we investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of obesity rates across Italian regions from 2010 to 2022, aiming to identify spatial and temporal trends and assess potential heterogeneities. We implement a Bayesian hierarchical…

Text-to-image models, which can generate high-quality images based on textual input, have recently enabled various content-creation tools. Despite significantly affecting a wide range of downstream applications, the distributions of these…

The Gini's mean difference was defined as the expected absolute difference between a random variable and its independent copy. The corresponding normalized version, namely Gini's index, denotes two times the area between the egalitarian…

The Italian National Institute for Statistics regularly provides estimates of unemployment indicators using data from the Labor Force Survey. However, direct estimates of unemployment incidence cannot be released for Local Labor Market…

Self-supervised learning is a popular and powerful method for utilizing large amounts of unlabeled data, for which a wide variety of training objectives have been proposed in the literature. In this study, we perform a Bayesian analysis of…

Disparities in the societal harms and impacts of Generative AI (GenAI) systems highlight the critical need for effective unfairness measurement approaches. While numerous benchmarks exist, designing valid measurements requires proper…

Generative AI, such as large language models, has undergone rapid development within recent years. As these models become increasingly available to the public, concerns arise about perpetuating and amplifying harmful biases in applications.…

When surveillance data of infectious disease incidence (e.g. weekly case counts) are disaggregated by demographic indicators, disparities in long-run health outcomes between these groups become apparent. Accurate identification of high-risk…

It is common to view people in real applications walking in arbitrary directions, holding items, or wearing heavy coats. These factors are challenges in gait-based application methods because they significantly change a person's appearance.…

Missing data imputation (MDI) is crucial when dealing with tabular datasets across various domains. Autoencoders can be trained to reconstruct missing values, and graph autoencoders (GAE) can additionally consider similar patterns in the…

Social inequalities are ubiquitous and here we show that the values of the Gini ($g$) and Kolkata ($k$) indices, two generic inequality indices, approach each other (starting from $g = 0$ and $k = 0.5$ for equality) as the competitions grow…

Social inequalities are ubiquitous and evolve towards a universal limit. Herein, we extensively review the values of inequality measures, namely the Gini ($g$) index and the Kolkata ($k$) index, two standard measures of inequality used in…