相关论文: Incentivising Personalised Colorectal Cancer Scree…

Background and Objective. With minor differences, most national colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs in Europe consist of one-size-fits-all aged-based strategies. This paper provides a decision analysis-based approach to personalized…

Cancer Screening has been widely recognized as an effective strategy for preventing the disease. Despite its effectiveness, determining when to start screening is complicated, because starting too early increases the number of screenings…

Background and Objective: Only about 14 % of eligible EU citizens finally participate in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs despite it being the third most common type of cancer worldwide. The development of CRC risk models can…

Colorectal cancer is the third most common tumor in men and the second in women, accounting for 10% of all tumors worldwide. It ranks second in cancer-related deaths with 9.4%, following lung cancer. The decrease in mortality rate…

In many clinical trials, individuals in different subgroups have experience differential treatment effects. This leads to individualized differences in treatment benefit. In this article, we introduce the general concept of predictive…

Participation incentives is a well-known issue inhibiting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in medicine, as well as a potential cause of user dissatisfaction for RCTs in online platforms. We frame this issue as a non-standard…

Colonoscopy screening effectively identifies and removes polyps before they progress to colorectal cancer (CRC), but current follow-up guidelines rely primarily on histopathological features, overlooking other important CRC risk factors.…

The large number of trainable parameters of deep neural networks renders them inherently data hungry. This characteristic heavily challenges the medical imaging community and to make things even worse, many imaging modalities are ambiguous…

The field of generating recommendations within the framework of causal inference has seen a recent surge, with recommendations being likened to treatments. This approach enhances insights into the influence of recommendations on user…

In Finland colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have steadily increased over the last decades and as of 2017, CRC is the sixth most common cause of death. CRC is a crucial concern for the public health of Finland. We optimize the faecal…

This paper proposes an efficient system for classifying cervical cancer cells using pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We first fine-tune five pre-trained CNNs and minimize the overall cost of misclassification by…

Risk-averse Constrained Reinforcement Learning (RaCRL) aims to learn policies that minimise the likelihood of rare and catastrophic constraint violations caused by an environment's inherent randomness. In general, risk-aversion leads to…

Individualized treatment rules (ITRs) tailor treatments according to individual patient characteristics. They can significantly improve patient care and are thus becoming increasingly popular. The data collected during randomized clinical…

Radiologists often mix medical image reading strategies, including inspection of individual modalities and local image regions, using information at different locations from different images independently as well as concurrently. In this…

Adversarial training aims to defend against adversaries: malicious opponents whose sole aim is to harm predictive performance in any way possible. This presents a rather harsh perspective, which we assert results in unnecessarily…

Early screening for cancer has proven to improve the survival rate and spare patients from intensive and costly treatments due to late diagnosis. Cancer screening in the healthy population involves an initial risk stratification step to…

Quantitative tools are increasingly appealing for decision support in healthcare, driven by the growing capabilities of advanced AI systems. However, understanding the predictive uncertainties surrounding a tool's output is crucial for…

With the long-term rapid increase in incidences of colorectal cancer (CRC), there is an urgent clinical need to improve risk stratification. The conventional pathology report is usually limited to only a few histopathological features.…

This paper presents a method for virtual contrast enhancement in breast MRI, offering a promising non-invasive alternative to traditional contrast agent-based DCE-MRI acquisition. Using a conditional generative adversarial network, we…

Background and objective Risk prediction models aim at identifying people at higher risk of developing a target disease. Feature selection is particularly important to improve the prediction model performance avoiding overfitting and to…