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The profusion of knowledge encoded in large language models (LLMs) and their ability to apply this knowledge zero-shot in a range of settings makes them promising candidates for use in decision-making. However, they are currently limited by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Gabriel Freedman , Adam Dejl , Deniz Gorur , Xiang Yin , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

Legal document retrieval and judgment prediction are crucial tasks in intelligent legal systems. In practice, determining whether two documents share the same judgments is essential for establishing their relevance in legal retrieval.…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Weicong Qin , Zelin Cao , Weijie Yu , Zihua Si , Sirui Chen , Jun Xu

Legal reasoning requires not only high accuracy but also the ability to justify decisions through verifiable and contestable arguments. However, existing Large Language Model (LLM) approaches, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Hoang-Loc Cao , Phuc Ho , Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Phuc Truong Loc Nguyen , Dinh Thien Loc Nguyen , Hung Cao

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on other LLMs acting as judges. However, current evaluation paradigms typically yield a single score or ranking, answering which model is better but not why. While essential…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Yotam Perlitz , Roy Bar-Haim , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Interpreting the law is always essential for the law to adapt to the ever-changing society. It is a critical and challenging task even for legal practitioners, as it requires meticulous and professional annotations and summarizations by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Kangcheng Luo , Quzhe Huang , Cong Jiang , Yansong Feng

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate that chain-of-thought prompting and deep reasoning substantially enhance performance on complex tasks, and multi-agent systems can further improve accuracy by enabling model…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Zehui Ling , Deshu Chen , Yichi Zhang , Yuchen Liu , Xigui Li , Xin Guo , Yuan Cheng

AI and Law research has encountered legal interpretation in different ways, in the context of its evolving approaches and methodologies. Research on expert system has focused on legal knowledge engineering, with the goal of ensuring that…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Václav Janeček , Giovanni Sartor

In the rapidly evolving field of legal analytics, finding relevant cases and accurately predicting judicial outcomes are challenging because of the complexity of legal language, which often includes specialized terminology, complex syntax,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-01 Dong Shu , Haoran Zhao , Xukun Liu , David Demeter , Mengnan Du , Yongfeng Zhang

Recent years have witnessed the prosperity of legal artificial intelligence with the development of technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel legal application of legal provision prediction (LPP), which aims to predict the related…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-08-24 Luoqiu Li , Zhen Bi , Hongbin Ye , Shumin Deng , Hui Chen , Huaixiao Tou

This paper presents a method to analyze the inference patterns used by Large Language Models (LLMs) for judgment in a case study on legal LLMs, so as to identify potential incorrect representations of the LLM, according to human domain…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Lu Chen , Yuxuan Huang , Yixing Li , Dongrui Liu , Qihan Ren , Shuai Zhao , Kun Kuang , Zilong Zheng , Quanshi Zhang

Legal texts often contain computational legal clauses--provisions whose understanding requires complex logic. While frontier Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) can describe such clauses, building production-ready systems is limited by reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Stanisław Sójka , Witold Kowalczyk

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced automated legal reasoning. Yet, it remains unclear whether their performance reflects genuine legal reasoning ability or artifacts of data contamination. We present…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Parisa Kordjamshidi , Samer Aslan , Madhavan Seshadri , Leslie Barrett , Enrico Santus

While progress has been made in legal applications, law reasoning, crucial for fair adjudication, remains unexplored. We propose a transparent law reasoning schema enriched with hierarchical factum probandum, evidence, and implicit…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Jiaxin Shen , Jinan Xu , Huiqi Hu , Luyi Lin , Fei Zheng , Guoyang Ma , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Wenjuan Han

Computational argumentation offers formal frameworks for transparent, verifiable reasoning but has traditionally been limited by its reliance on domain-specific information and extensive feature engineering. In contrast, LLMs excel at…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni , William Yeoh

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various domains. However, effective decision-making relies heavily on strong reasoning abilities. Reasoning is the foundation for…

Despite the remarkable ability of large language models (LMs) to comprehend and generate language, they have a tendency to hallucinate and create factually inaccurate output. Augmenting LMs by retrieving information from external knowledge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Zhengbao Jiang , Frank F. Xu , Luyu Gao , Zhiqing Sun , Qian Liu , Jane Dwivedi-Yu , Yiming Yang , Jamie Callan , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in agentic frameworks, in which prompts trigger complex tool-based analysis in pursuit of a goal. While these frameworks have shown promise across multiple domains including in finance,…

统计金融 · 定量金融 2025-07-14 Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos , Ollie Olby , Justin Lyon , Namid R. Stillman

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has greatly improved our ability to process complex language. However, accurately detecting logical fallacies remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel and effective prompt…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Jiwon Jeong , Hyeju Jang , Hogun Park

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process that enables logical inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), reasoning has emerged as a key capability that distinguishes…

The paper advocates for LLMs to enhance the accessibility, usage and explainability of rule-based legal systems, contributing to a democratic and stakeholder-oriented view of legal technology. A methodology is developed to explore the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-11-21 Marco Billi , Alessandro Parenti , Giuseppe Pisano , Marco Sanchi