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With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an essential mathematical tool for computing polynomial multiplication in promising lattice-based cryptography. However, costly division operations and complex data dependencies make efficient and…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-04-25 Jingyao Zhang , Mohsen Imani , Elaheh Sadredini

The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an indispensable tool for computing efficient polynomial multiplications in post-quantum lattice-based cryptography. It has strong resemblance with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is the most…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Rishabh Shrivastava , Chaitanya Prasad Ratnala , Durga Manasa Puli , Utsav Banerjee

As safety-critical applications increasingly rely on data-parallel floating-point computations, there is an increasing need for flexible and configurable fault tolerance in parallel floating-point accelerators such as tensor engines. While…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Philip Wiese , Maurus Item , Luca Bertaccini , Yvan Tortorella , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Many current quantum error-correcting codes that achieve full fault tolerance suffer from having low ratios of logical to physical qubits and significant overhead. This makes them difficult to implement on current noisy intermediate-scale…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-22 Christopher Gerhard , Todd A. Brun

Adams Bridge, a hardware accelerator for ML-DSA and ML-KEM designed for the Caliptra root of trust, masks 1 of its Inverse Number Theoretic Transform (INTT) layers and relies on shuffling for the remainder, claiming per-butterfly…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Ray Iskander , Khaled Kirah

Realizing the full potential of quantum computing requires large-scale quantum computers capable of running quantum error correction (QEC) to mitigate hardware errors and maintain quantum data coherence. While quantum computers operate…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-11 Chaithanya Naik Mude , Satvik Maurya , Benjamin Lienhard , Swamit Tannu

We give a fault tolerant construction for error correction and computation using two punctured quantum Reed-Muller (PQRM) codes. In particular, we consider the $[[127,1,15]]$ self-dual doubly-even code that has transversal Clifford gates…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-11-01 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

Fault-tolerant (FT) computation by using quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing large-scale quantum algorithms. Devices are expected to have enough qubits to demonstrate aspects of fault tolerance in the near future.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-03-24 Lingling Lao , Carmen G. Almudever

The superior performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has led to their application in various aspects of human life. Safety-critical applications are no exception and impose rigorous reliability requirements on DNNs. Quantized Neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-19 Mohammad Hasan Ahmadilivani , Mahdi Taheri , Jaan Raik , Masoud Daneshtalab , Maksim Jenihhin

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a crucial subroutine in many quantum algorithms. In this paper, we study the exact lower bound problem of CNOT gate complexity for fault-tolerant QFT. First, we consider approximating the ancilla-free…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-05 Qiqing Xia , Huiqin Xie , Li Yang

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

Modern FFT/NTT analytics, coded computation, and privacy-preserving ML interface routinely move polynomial frames across NICs, storage, and accelerators. However, even rare silent data corruption (SDC) can flip a few ring coefficients and…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Baigang Chen , Dongfang Zhao

Recently, recycled field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) pose a significant hardware security problem due to the proliferation of the semiconductor supply chain. Ring oscillator (RO) based frequency analyzing technique is one of the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-03-06 Tanvir Ahmad Tarique , Foisal Ahmed , Maksim Jenihhin , Liakot Ali

Fault tolerant quantum computing methods which work with efficient quantum error correcting codes are discussed. Several new techniques are introduced to restrict accumulation of errors before or during the recovery. Classes of eligible…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-10-31 Andrew M. Steane

Neural Networks (NN) have recently emerged as backbone of several sensitive applications like automobile, medical image, security, etc. NNs inherently offer Partial Fault Tolerance (PFT) in their architecture; however, the biased PFT of NNs…

Trust is the core building block of secure systems, and it is enforced through methods to ensure that a specific system is properly configured and works as expected. In this context, a Root of Trust (RoT) establishes a trusted environment,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Grazia D'Onghia , Antonio Lioy

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are inherently computation-intensive and also power-hungry. Hardware accelerators such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are a promising solution that can satisfy these requirements for both embedded and…

Reliability has taken centre stage in the development of high-performance computing processors. A Surge of interest is noticeable in recent times in formulating fault and failure models, understanding failure mechanism and strategizing…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-03-16 Shashikiran Venkatesha , Ranjani Parthasarathi

With the rapid advancement of quantum computing technology, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has emerged as a pivotal direction for next-generation encryption standards. Among these, lattice-based cryptographic schemes rely heavily on the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-14 Hengyu Ding , Houran Ji , Jia Li , Jinhang Chen , Chin-Wing Sham , Yao Wang