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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as a promising paradigm in autonomous driving (AD). However, current performance evaluation protocols for VLM-based AD systems (ADVLMs) are predominantly confined to open-loop settings…

The rapidly evolving field of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) is full of promise. However, in order to fulfil these promises, ADSs need to be safe in all circumstances. This paper introduces ISS-Scenario, an autonomous driving testing…

Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are highly expected to improve traffic throughput and safety at road intersections, single-track lanes, and construction zones. However, multiple CAVs can block each other and create a mutual deadlock…

The advent of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) has marked a significant shift towards intelligent transportation, with implications for public safety and traffic efficiency. While these systems integrate a variety of technologies and offer…

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) have made great achievements in recent years thanks to the efforts from both academia and industry. A typical ADS is composed of multiple modules, including sensing, perception, planning, and control, which…

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Search-based testing is critical for evaluating the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems (ADSs). However, existing approaches are often built on heterogeneous frameworks (e.g., distinct scenario spaces, simulators, and…

Safety validation of autonomous driving systems requires high-risk scenario coverage, clear collision semantics, executable trajectories, and attributable multi-vehicle interactions. Existing safety-critical scenario generation methods…

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

The deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has faced hurdles due to the dominance of rare but critical corner cases within the long-tail distribution of driving scenarios, which negatively affects their overall performance. To address this…

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) require extensive testing and validation before deployment. However, it is tedious and time-consuming to construct traffic scenarios for ADS testing. In this paper, we propose TrafficComposer, a multi-modal…

The deep neural networks (DNNs)based autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are expected to reduce road accidents and improve safety in the transportation domain as it removes the factor of human error from driving tasks. The DNN based ADS…

Automated Driving System (ADS) is a safety-critical software system responsible for the interpretation of the vehicle's environment and making decisions accordingly. The unbounded complexity of the driving context, including unforeseeable…

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are capable of sensing the environment and making driving decisions autonomously. These systems are safety-critical, and testing them is one of the important approaches to ensure their safety. However, due…

In Autonomous Driving (AD), real-time perception is a critical component responsible for detecting surrounding objects to ensure safe driving. While researchers have extensively explored the integrity of AD perception due to its safety and…

Obstacle detection is crucial to the operation of autonomous driving systems, which rely on multiple sensors, such as cameras and LiDARs, combined with code logic and deep learning models to detect obstacles for time-sensitive decisions.…

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) are safety-critical, as real-world safety violations can result in significant losses. Rigorous testing is essential before deployment, with simulation testing playing a key role. However, ADSs are…

Extensive simulation-based testing is important for assuring the safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, generating safety-critical traffic scenarios remains challenging because failures often arise from rare, complex…

This paper describes Waymo's Collision Avoidance Testing (CAT) methodology: a scenario-based testing method that evaluates the safety of the Waymo Driver Automated Driving Systems' (ADS) intended functionality in conflict situations…

The software architecture behind modern autonomous vehicles (AV) is becoming more complex steadily. Safety verification is now an imminent task prior to the large-scale deployment of such convoluted models. For safety-critical tasks in…