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Adversarial example detection, which can be conveniently applied in many scenarios, is important in the area of adversarial defense. Unfortunately, existing detection methods suffer from poor generalization performance, because their…

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) has attracted increasing attention in recent years for identifying malicious samples in a wide range of graph-based applications, such as social media and e-commerce. However, most GAD methods assume identical…

While the performance of face recognition systems has improved significantly in the last decade, they are proved to be highly vulnerable to presentation attacks (spoofing). Most of the research in the field of face presentation attack…

The vulnerabilities of fingerprint authentication systems have raised security concerns when adapting them to highly secure access-control applications. Therefore, Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection (FPAD) methods are essential for…

Face presentation attack detection (PAD) has been extensively studied by research communities to enhance the security of face recognition systems. Although existing methods have achieved good performance on testing data with similar…

Applications based on biometric authentication have received a lot of interest in the last years due to the breathtaking results obtained using personal traits such as face or fingerprint. However, it is important not to forget that these…

The emergence of deepfake technologies has become a matter of social concern as they pose threats to individual privacy and public security. It is now of great significance to develop reliable deepfake detectors. However, with numerous face…

Generative models have enabled the creation of highly realistic facial-synthetic images, raising significant concerns due to their potential for misuse. Despite rapid advancements in the field of deepfake detection, developing efficient…

Presentation attacks are recurrent threats to biometric systems, where impostors attempt to bypass these systems. Humans often use background information as contextual cues for their visual system. Yet, regarding face-based systems, the…

Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) has been extensively studied, particularly in the visible spectrum. With the advancement of sensing technology beyond the visible range, multispectral imaging has gained significant attention in this…

Foundation models (FMs) for computer vision learn rich and robust representations, enabling their adaptation to task/domain-specific deployments with little to no fine-tuning. However, we posit that the very same strength can make…

Face presentation attack detection (PAD) has received increasing attention ever since the vulnerabilities to spoofing have been widely recognized. The state of the art in unimodal and multi-modal face anti-spoofing has been assessed in…

Removing the background in ID Card images is a real challenge for remote verification systems because many of the re-digitalised images present cluttered backgrounds, poor illumination conditions, distortion and occlusions. The background…

This chapter provides an introduction to Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) in fingerprint biometrics, also coined anti-spoofing, describes early developments in this field, and briefly summarizes recent trends and open issues.

Identity authentication is the process of verifying one's identity. There are several identity authentication methods, among which biometric authentication is of utmost importance. Facial recognition is a sort of biometric authentication…

Face morphing attacks have posed severe threats to Face Recognition Systems (FRS), which are operated in border control and passport issuance use cases. Correspondingly, morphing attack detection algorithms (MAD) are needed to defend…

Face signatures, including size, shape, texture, skin tone, eye color, appearance, and scars/marks, are widely used as discriminative, biometric information for access control. Despite recent advancements in facial recognition systems,…

Fingerprint Liveness detection, or presentation attacks detection (PAD), that is, the ability of detecting if a fingerprint submitted to an electronic capture device is authentic or made up of some artificial materials, boosted the…

Morphed face images have recently become a growing concern for existing face verification systems, as they are relatively easy to generate and can be used to impersonate someone's identity for various malicious purposes. Efficient Morphing…

Deepfakes are becoming increasingly credible, posing a significant threat given their potential to facilitate fraud or bypass access control systems. This has motivated the development of deepfake detection methods, in which deep learning…