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We propose a hybrid approach to machine Theory of Mind (ToM) that uses large language models (LLMs) as a mechanism for generating hypotheses and likelihood functions with a Bayesian inverse planning model that computes posterior…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Rebekah A. Gelpí , Eric Xue , William A. Cunningham

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute mental states to others, is a hallmark of social intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate promising performance on standard ToM benchmarks, we observe that they often fail…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Mengfan Li , Xuanhua Shi , Yang Deng

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to understand human thinking and decision-making, an ability that plays a crucial role in social interaction between people, including linguistic communication. This paper investigates to what extent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-14 Bart Holterman , Kees van Deemter

As large language models evolve, there is growing anticipation that they will emulate human-like Theory of Mind (ToM) to assist with routine tasks. However, existing methods for evaluating machine ToM focus primarily on unimodal models and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Xinyang Li , Siqi Liu , Bochao Zou , Jiansheng Chen , Huimin Ma

Understanding Theory of Mind is essential for building socially intelligent multimodal agents capable of perceiving and interpreting human behavior. We introduce MoMentS (Multimodal Mental States), a comprehensive benchmark designed to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have generated considerable interest and debate regarding their potential emergence of Theory of Mind (ToM). Several recent inquiries reveal a lack of robust ToM in these models and pose a pressing demand to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Ziqiao Ma , Jacob Sansom , Run Peng , Joyce Chai

With their recent development, large language models (LLMs) have been found to exhibit a certain level of Theory of Mind (ToM), a complex cognitive capacity that is related to our conscious mind and that allows us to infer another's beliefs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Mohsen Jamali , Ziv M. Williams , Jing Cai

Theory of mind (ToM) evaluations currently focus on testing models using passive narratives that inherently lack interactivity. We introduce FANToM, a new benchmark designed to stress-test ToM within information-asymmetric conversational…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-01 Hyunwoo Kim , Melanie Sclar , Xuhui Zhou , Ronan Le Bras , Gunhee Kim , Yejin Choi , Maarten Sap

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand people's mental states, is an essential ingredient for developing machines with human-level social intelligence. Recent machine learning models, particularly large language models, seem to…

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to an agent's ability to model the internal states of others. Contributing to the debate whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit genuine ToM capabilities, our study investigates their ToM robustness using…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Christian Nickel , Laura Schrewe , Florian Mai , Lucie Flek

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand people's minds based on their behavior, is key to developing socially intelligent agents. Current approaches to ToM reasoning either rely on prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), which are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Zhining Zhang , Chuanyang Jin , Mung Yao Jia , Shunchi Zhang , Tianmin Shu

Large Language Models have shown exceptional generative abilities in various natural language and generation tasks. However, possible anthropomorphization and leniency towards failure cases have propelled discussions on emergent abilities…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-01-18 Mudit Verma , Siddhant Bhambri , Subbarao Kambhampati

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in simulating human behaviors and performing theory-of-mind (ToM) reasoning, a crucial skill for complex social interactions. In this study, we investigate the role of ToM reasoning in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Neemesh Yadav , Palakorn Achananuparp , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim

While humans naturally develop theory of mind (ToM), the capability to understand other people's mental states and beliefs, state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) underperform on simple ToM benchmarks. We posit that we can extend our…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-08 Chani Jung , Dongkwan Kim , Jiho Jin , Jiseon Kim , Yeon Seonwoo , Yejin Choi , Alice Oh , Hyunwoo Kim

Theory of Mind (ToM) in Large Language Models (LLMs) refers to the model's ability to infer the mental states of others, with failures in this ability often manifesting as systemic implicit biases. Assessing this challenge is difficult, as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Yanlin Li , Hao Liu , Huimin Liu , Kun Wang , Yinwei Wei , Yupeng Hu

Theory of Mind (ToM)-an understanding of the mental states of others-is a key aspect of human social intelligence, yet, chatbots and LLM-based social agents do not typically integrate it. In this work, we demonstrate that LLMs that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 EunJeong Hwang , Yuwei Yin , Giuseppe Carenini , Peter West , Vered Shwartz

The last couple of years have witnessed emerging research that appropriates Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks designed for humans to benchmark LLM's ToM capabilities as an indication of LLM's social intelligence. However, this approach has a…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Qiaosi Wang , Xuhui Zhou , Maarten Sap , Jodi Forlizzi , Hong Shen

Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities in LLMs have recently become a central object of investigation. Cognitive science distinguishes between two steps required for ToM tasks: 1) determine whether to invoke ToM, which includes the appropriate…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Eitan Wagner , Nitay Alon , Joseph M. Barnby , Omri Abend

We introduce DialToM, an annotated Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmark built from naturalistic human-human dialogues using a multiple-choice evaluation framework. Concurrent with recent work showing a gap between explicit mental-state inference…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Neemesh Yadav , Palakorn Achananuparp , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim

Theory of Mind (ToM) assesses whether models can infer hidden mental states such as beliefs, desires, and intentions, which is essential for natural social interaction. Although recent progress in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) has boosted…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Nanxu Gong , Haotian Li , Sixun Dong , Jianxun Lian , Yanjie Fu , Xing Xie