相关论文: Activation entropy helps explain anomalous flow st…

Some microscopic dynamics are also macroscopically irreversible, dissipating energy and producing entropy. For many-particle systems interacting with deterministic thermostats, the rate of thermodynamic entropy dissipated to the environment…

The temperature dependence of the transport properties of the metallic phase of a frustrated Hubbard model on the hypercubic lattice at half-filling are calculated. Dynamical mean-field theory, which maps the Hubbard model onto a single…

Laser hardening of metals occurs under the influence of a shock wave, which changes the distribution and density of one-dimensional defects - dislocations. There is a relationship between the density of dislocations, the grain size and the…

In this Thesis we first show how the shape of the Peierls barrier and its dependence on the applied loading can be extracted from the data obtained in atomistic studies at 0 K. We consider the Peierls barrier as a two-dimensional periodic…

For a single enzyme or molecular motor operating in an aqueous solution of non-equilibrated solute concentrations, a thermodynamic description is developed on the level of an individual trajectory of transitions between states. The concept…

We review the behavior of the entropy per particle in various two-dimensional electronic systems. The entropy per particle is an important characteristic of any many body system that tells how the entropy of the ensemble of electrons…

We propose a scenario for the glass transition based on the cooperative nature of nucleation processes and entropic effects. The main point is the relation between the off-equilibrium energy dissipation and nucleation processes in…

Thermodynamic phase transitions, a central concept in physics and chemistry, are typically controlled by an interplay of enthalpic and entropic contributions. In most cases, the estimation of the enthalpy in simulations is straightforward…

The kinetics of dislocation reactions, such as dislocation multiplication, controls the plastic deformation in crystals beyond their elastic limit, therefore critical mechanisms in a number of applications in materials science. We present a…

We investigate the entanglement temperature of a small scale subsystem in low excited states by using holographic method. Especially, we study the entanglement entropy and entanglement temperature in higher derivative gravities which are…

A complete mathematical theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics of stochastic systems in terms of master equations is presented. As generalizations of isothermal entropy and free energy, two functions of states play central roles: the Gibbs…

A model of low-temperature polar liquids is constructed that accounts for configurational heat capacity, entropy, and the effect of a strong electric field on the glass transition. The model is based on Pad{\'e}-truncated perturbation…

Systems with interacting degrees of freedom play a prominent role in stochastic thermodynamics. Our aim is to use the concept of detached path probabilities and detached entropy production for bipartite Markov processes and elaborate on a…

The physics of driven-dissipative transitions is currently a topic of great interest, particularly in quantum optical systems. These transitions occur in systems kept out of equilibrium and are therefore characterized by a finite entropy…

We study, in the PNJL model, how the entropy of interacting quarks reflects the change in the effective degrees of freedom as the temperature increases through the quark-hadron phase transition. With inclusion of mesonic correlations, the…

In an electric field, the flow of electrons in a solid produces an entropy current in addition to the familiar charge current. This Peltier effect underlies all thermoelectric refrigerators. The upsurge in thermoelectric cooling…

We consider optimization of the average entropy production in inhomogeneous temperature environments within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. For systems modeled by Langevin equations (e.g. a colloidal particle in a heat bath) it…

The thermodynamic dislocation theory presented in preceding papers is used here to describe shear-banding instabilities. Central ingredients of the theory are a thermodynamically defined effective configurational temperature, and a formula…

We show that in the linear response approximation only entropy provides coupling between thermal and electric phenomena. The dissipationless quantum currents -- magnetization, superconducting, persistent and topological edge currents -- do…

Living systems operate far from thermal equilibrium by converting the chemical potential of ATP into mechanical work to achieve growth, replication or locomotion. Given time series observations of intra-, inter- or multicellular processes,…