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The indexing-retrieval-generation paradigm of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been highly successful in solving knowledge-intensive tasks by integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs). However, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu Li , Sensen Zhang , Hanyu Wang , Feiyu Xiong , Jason Zhaoxin Fan , Bo Tang , Shichao Song , Mengwei Wang , Jiawei Yang

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Large language models (LLMs) can act as evaluators, a role studied by methods like LLM-as-a-Judge and fine-tuned judging LLMs. In the field of education, LLMs have been studied as assistant tools for students and teachers. Our research…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Valeria Ramirez-Garcia , David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

Grading short answer questions automatically with interpretable reasoning behind the grading decision is a challenging goal for current transformer approaches. Justification cue detection, in combination with logical reasoners, has shown a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-20 Felix Künnecke , Anna Filighera , Colin Leong , Tim Steuer

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) assigns scores to student essays, reducing the grading workload for instructors. Developing a scoring system capable of handling essays across diverse prompts is challenging due to the flexibility and diverse…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Zhaoyi Joey Hou , Alejandro Ciuba , Xiang Lorraine Li

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely utilized for their excellence in various tasks. However, their tendency to produce inaccurate or misleading outputs poses a potential risk, particularly in high-stakes environments.…

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

In education, the traditional Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) with feedback problem has focused primarily on evaluating text-only responses. However, real-world assessments often include multimodal responses containing both diagrams…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Pritam Sil , Pushpak Bhattacharyya , Pawan Goyal , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

As large language models (LLMs) become deeply embedded in daily life, the urgent need for safer moderation systems that distinguish between naive and harmful requests while upholding appropriate censorship boundaries has never been greater.…

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) leverages external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in code synthesis, improving the functional correctness of the generated code. However, existing RACG systems largely overlook…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yihao Qin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao

Automatic grading and feedback have been long studied using traditional machine learning and deep learning techniques using language models. With the recent accessibility to high performing large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA-2, there…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-02 Gloria Ashiya Katuka , Alexander Gain , Yen-Yun Yu

Current safety mechanisms for Large Language Models (LLMs) rely heavily on static, fine-tuned classifiers that suffer from adaptation rigidity, the inability to enforce new governance rules without expensive retraining. To address this, we…

Effective feedback is essential for fostering students' success in scientific inquiry. With advancements in artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for delivering instant and adaptive feedback. However,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Kathrin Seßler , Arne Bewersdorff , Claudia Nerdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

Large language models (LLMs) have recently reshaped Automated Essay Scoring (AES), yet prior studies typically examine individual techniques in isolation, limiting understanding of their relative merits for English as a Second Language (L2)…

With the recent rapid increase in digitization across all major industries, acquiring programming skills has increased the demand for introductory programming courses. This has further resulted in universities integrating programming…

The current paper presents the development and validation of SelfScore, a novel benchmark designed to assess the performance of automated Large Language Model (LLM) agents on help desk and professional consultation tasks. Given the…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-10-23 John Mavi , Nathan Summers , Sergio Coronado

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in Automated Essay Scoring (AES), but their zero-shot and few-shot performance often falls short compared to state-of-the-art models and human raters. However, fine-tuning LLMs for each…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Seungju Kim , Meounggun Jo

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in student-facing educational tools, their potential to directly support educators through locally deployable and customizable solutions remains underexplored. Many existing…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Zarreen Reza , Alexander Mazur , Michael T. Dugdale , Robin Ray-Chaudhuri

This resource paper addresses the challenge of evaluating Information Retrieval (IR) systems in the era of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional methods relying on passage-level judgments are no longer effective due to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Laura Dietz

Large Language Models (LLMs) challenge the validity of traditional open-ended assessments by blurring the lines of authorship. While recent research has focused on the accuracy of automated scoring (AES), these static approaches fail to…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Tom Lee , Sihoon Lee , Seonghun Kim