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In this invited review, we describe Hawking's information paradox and a recently proposed resolution of it. Explicit calculations demonstrate the existence of quantum hair on black holes, meaning that the quantum state of the external…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2022-08-24 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

The process of black hole evaporation resulting from the Hawking effect has generated an intense controversy regarding its potential conflict with quantum mechanics' unitary evolution. In a recent couple of works of a collaboration…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-10-01 Sujoy K. Modak , Leonardo Ortíz , Igor Peña , Daniel Sudarsky

In 1976 S. Hawking claimed that "Because part of the information about the state of the system is lost down the hole, the final situation is represented by a density matrix rather than a pure quantum state" (Verbatim from ref. 2). This was…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2014-12-04 Christian Corda

The black-hole information paradox has fueled a fascinating effort to reconcile the predictions of general relativity and those of quantum mechanics. Gravitational considerations teach us that black holes must trap everything that falls…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-07-07 Samuel L. Braunstein , Hans-Jürgen Sommers , Karol Życzkowski

The information loss paradox for Schwarzschild black holes is examined, using the ADS/CFT correspondence extended to the $M_6 (4,2)$ bulk. It is found that the only option compatible with the preservation of the quantum unitarity is when a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-06-25 M. D. Maia

The black hole information loss paradox has plagued physicists since Hawking's discovery that black holes evaporate thermally in contradiction to the unitarity expected by quantum mechanics. Here we show that one of the central presumptions…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2009-11-11 John Smolin , Jonathan Oppenheim

In recent years a statistical mechanics description of particles, fields and spacetime based on the concept of quantum open systems and the influence functional formalism has been introduced. It reproduces in full the established theory of…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2016-08-31 B. L. Hu

We propose a resolution to the black-hole information-loss paradox: in one formulation of physical theory, information is preserved and macroscopic causality is violated; in another, causality is preserved and pure states evolve to mixed…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Mark Srednicki

This review paper is intended for scholars with different backgrounds, possibly in only one of the subjects covered, and therefore little background knowledge is assumed. The first part is an introduction to classical and quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-07-08 Fabio Grazioso

The information paradox suggests that the black hole loses information when it emits radiation. In this way, the spectrum of radiation corresponds to a mixed (non-pure) quantum state even if the internal state generating the black-hole is…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-01-07 Ivan Arraut

The formation and evaporation of a black hole can be viewed as a scattering process in Quantum Gravity. Semiclassical arguments indicate that the process should be non-unitary, and that all the information of the original quantum state…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2016-09-06 Jorge G. Russo

In this thesis, we have studied the information loss paradox in detail. As a first step, we have derived the main results of quantum field theory in a curved background. We have discussed the case of the free scalar Klein-Gordon field and…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2019-12-02 Francisco Martínez López

Analogue gravity can be used to reproduce the phenomenology of quantum field theory in curved spacetime and in particular phenomena such as cosmological particle creation and Hawking radiation. In black hole physics, taking into account the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2019-10-23 Stefano Liberati , Giovanni Tricella , Andrea Trombettoni

This contribution overviews the information paradox, or perhaps more aptly "unitarity crisis," and a proposed resolution called nonviolent unitarization. It begins by examining the conflict of principles that yields the crisis, which can be…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2025-02-26 Steven B. Giddings

The black hole information paradox presumes that quantum field theory in curved spacetime can provide unitary propagation from a near-horizon mode to an asymptotic Hawking quantum. Instead of invoking conjectural quantum gravity effects to…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2017-11-10 Daniel Baker , Darsh Kodwani , Ue-Li Pen , I-Sheng Yang

We study information retrieval from evaporating black holes, assuming that the internal dynamics of a black hole is unitary and rapidly mixing, and assuming that the retriever has unlimited control over the emitted Hawking radiation. If the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2009-04-03 Patrick Hayden , John Preskill

The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, we introduce the information loss problem; second, we provide a critical assessment by thoroughly inspecting the assumptions underlying its formulations. In particular, we argue that if we work in…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-04-02 Luca Buoninfante , Francesco Di Filippo

Black hole evaporation is one of the most striking phenomena at the interface between gravity and quantum physics. In Hawking's semi-classical treatment, where matter is quantum mechanical and the spacetime is definite and classical,…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-07-24 Ali Akil , Lorenzo Giannelli , Leonardo Modesto , Oscar Dahlsten , Giulio Chiribella , Caslav Brukner

The black hole information paradox and the black hole entropy are currently extensively researched. The consensus about the solution of the information paradox is not yet reached, and it is not yet clear what can we learn about quantum…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2018-11-29 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

The evaporation of black holes into apparently thermal radiation poses a serious conundrum for theoretical physics: at face value, it appears that in the presence of a black hole quantum evolution is non-unitary and destroys information.…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2011-07-11 Vijay Balasubramanian , Bartlomiej Czech