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The complete evaporation of black holes, as a natural endpoint of Hawking radiation, gives rise to the black hole information paradox, which fundamentally challenges the principles of unitarity and information conservation in quantum…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-02-10 Zhilong Liu , Wentao Liu , Zehua Tian , Jieci Wang

The black-hole information paradox has fueled a fascinating effort to reconcile the predictions of general relativity and those of quantum mechanics. Gravitational considerations teach us that black holes must trap everything that falls…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2008-11-26 Samuel L. Braunstein , Arun K. Pati

The purpose of this paper is to analyse, in the light of information theory and with the arsenal of (elementary) quantum mechanics (EPR correlations, copying machines, teleportation, mixing produced in sub-systems owing to a trace…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2009-10-22 Ulf H. Danielsson , Marcelo Schiffer

One of the outstanding puzzles of theoretical physics is whether quantum information indeed gets lost in the case of Black Hole (BH) evaporation or accretion. Let us recall that Quantum Mechanics (QM) demands an upper limit on the…

综合物理 · 物理学 2010-11-02 Abhas Mitra

The black hole information paradox is the incompatibility of quantum mechanics with the semi-classical picture of Hawking radiation. Hawking radiation appears thermal and eventually leads to the complete disappearance of a black hole.…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2021-08-13 Malcolm J. Perry

We extend the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) framework, originally developed to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity by treating space-time as a dynamic information reservoir, to incorporate the full suite of Standard Model gauge…

综合物理 · 物理学 2025-04-08 Florian Neukart , Eike Marx , Valerii Vinokur

Forty years after the discovery of Hawking radiation, its exact nature remains elusive. If Hawking radiation does not carry any information out from the ever shrinking black hole, it seems that unitarity is violated once the black hole…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-12-01 Pisin Chen , Yen Chin Ong , Dong-han Yeom

In both classical and quantum world, information cannot appear or disappear. This fundamental principle, however, is questioned for a black hole, by the acclaimed "information loss paradox". Based on the conservation laws of energy, charge,…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2013-08-13 Baocheng Zhang , Qing-yu Cai , Ming-sheng Zhan , Li You

Thirty years ago, John Preskill concluded "that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution in fundamental physics" and mused that "Conceivably, the puzzle of black hole evaporation portends a scientific revolution as…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-07-20 Stephen Boughn

The black hole information paradox arises from an apparent conflict between the Hawking black hole radiation and the fact that time evolution in quantum mechanics is unitary. The trouble is that while the former suggests that information of…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2016-06-07 E. Okon , D. Sudarsky

Hawking's black hole information puzzle highlights the incompatibility between our present understanding of gravity and quantum physics. However, Hawking's prediction of black-hole evaporation is at a semiclassical level. One therefore…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2015-06-25 Shahar Hod

The black hole information paradox tells us something important about the way quantum mechanics and gravity fit together. In these lectures I try to give a pedagogical review of the essential physics leading to the paradox, using mostly…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2009-01-28 Samir D. Mathur

This note is to bring to the reader's attention the fact that general relativity and quantum mechanics differ from each other in one main aspect. General relativity is based on the diffeomorphism covariant formulation of the laws of physics…

综合物理 · 物理学 2017-03-09 Andrei T. Patrascu

The information loss paradox is usually stated as an incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, the assumptions leading to the problem are often overlooked and, in fact, a careful inspection of the main…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2021-10-19 Luca Buoninfante , Francesco Di Filippo , Shinji Mukohyama

Since the discovery of Hawking radiation, its consistency with quantum theory has been widely questioned. In the widely described picture, irrespective of what initial state a black hole starts with before collapsing, it eventually evolves…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2014-03-31 Baocheng Zhang , Qingyu Cai , Mingsheng Zhan , Li You

The aim of this work is to present the black hole information problem and discuss the assumptions and hypotheses necessary for its formulation. As the problem arises in the framework of semiclassical gravity, we first review the necessary…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-05-26 Thiago T. Bergamaschi

We revisit in detail the paradox of black hole information loss due to Hawking radiation as tunneling. We compute the amount of information encoded in correlations among Hawking radiations for a variety of black holes, including the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2011-02-01 Baocheng Zhang , Qing-yu Cai , Ming-sheng Zhan , Li You

We report the first end-to-end hardware-validated demonstration of a reversible Quantum Memory Matrix QMM imprint retrieval cycle. Using IBM Quantum back ends, we realize five imprint retrieval experiments that scale from a minimal…

综合物理 · 物理学 2025-06-12 Florian Neukart , Eike Marx , Valerii Vinokur

An important reason why it is currently difficult to unify relativity theory and quantum theory is the quantum information paradox. The information engulfment pointed out by general relativity violates the principles of quantum mechanics.…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-01-30 Yangting Liu

The black hole information paradox is a very poorly understood problem. It is often believed that Hawking's argument is not precisely formulated, and a more careful accounting of naturally occurring quantum corrections will allow the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2011-01-26 Samir D. Mathur
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