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JSON Schema is the de-facto standard schema language for JSON data. The language went through many minor revisions, but the most recent versions of the language added two novel features, dynamic references and annotation-dependent…

JSON Schema is the de facto standard for describing the structure of JSON documents. Reasoning about JSON Schema inclusion -- whether every instance satisfying a schema S1 also satisfies a schema S2 -- is a key building block for a variety…

JSON Schema is an evolving standard for describing families of JSON documents. It is a logical language, based on a set of assertions that describe features of the JSON value under analysis and on logical or structural combinators for these…

JSON Schema is an evolving standard for the description of families of JSON documents. JSON Schema is a logical language, based on a set of assertions that describe features of the JSON value under analysis and on logical or structural…

Semi-structured data formats such as JSON have proved to be useful data models for applications that require flexibility in the format of data stored. However, JSON data often come without the schemas that are typically available with…

JSON Schema is an important, evolving standard schema language for families of JSON documents. It is based on a complex combination of structural and Boolean assertions, and features negation and recursion. The static analysis of JSON…

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a data encoding that allows structured data to be used in a standardized and straightforward manner across systems. Schemas for JSON-formatted data can be constructed using the JSON Schema standard,…

JSON is a popular data format used pervasively in web APIs, cloud computing, NoSQL databases, and increasingly also machine learning. JSON Schema is a language for declaring the structure of valid JSON data. There are validators that can…

Since its unveiling in 2011, schema.org has become the de facto standard for publishing semantically described structured data on the web, typically in the form of web page annotations. The increasing adoption of schema.org facilitates the…

Functional and inclusion dependencies are the most widely used classes of data dependencies in data profiling due to their ability to identify relationships in data such as primary and foreign keys. These relationships are equally important…

This study investigates the structured generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs), focusing on producing valid JSON outputs against a given schema. Despite the widespread use of JSON in integrating language models with…

Despite its rising popularity as data format especially for web services, the software ecosystem around the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is not as widely distributed as that of XML. For both data formats there exist schema languages to…

In this paper, we propose a framework to perform verification and validation of semantically annotated data. The annotations, extracted from websites, are verified against the schema.org vocabulary and Domain Specifications to ensure the…

This paper describes a new modelling language for the effective design of Java annotations. Since their inclusion in the 5th edition of Java, annotations have grown from a useful tool for the addition of meta-data to play a central role in…

Ontology-based data integration has been one of the practical methodologies for heterogeneous legacy database integrated service construction. However, it is neither efficient nor economical to build the cross-domain ontology on top of the…

Reliably generating structured outputs has become a critical capability for modern language model (LM) applications. Constrained decoding has emerged as the dominant technology across sectors for enforcing structured outputs during…

We present a new streaming algorithm to validate JSON documents against a set of constraints given as a JSON schema. Among the possible values a JSON document can hold, objects are unordered collections of key-value pairs while arrays are…

The representation of sentences is a very important task. It can be used as a way to exchange data inter-applications. One main characteristic, that a notation must have, is a minimal size and a representative form. This can reduce the…

Despite the fact that JSON is currently one of the most popular formats for exchanging data on the Web, there are very few studies on this topic and there are no agreement upon theoretical framework for dealing with JSON. There- fore in…

JSON Schemas provide useful guardrails for developers of Web APIs to guarantee that the semi-structured JSON input provided by clients matches a predefined structure. This is important both to ensure the correctness of the data received as…