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LLM-as-a-Judge is a widely used method for evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various tasks. We address the challenge of quantifying the uncertainty of LLM-as-a-Judge evaluations. While uncertainty…

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a common technique for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extended reasoning is often unnecessary and substantially increases token usage. As such, a key question…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Samuel Lewis-Lim , Xingwei Tan , Zhixue Zhao , Nikolaos Aletras

Existing LLM-as-a-Judge systems suffer from three fundamental limitations: limited adaptivity to task- and domain-specific evaluation criteria, systematic biases driven by non-semantic cues such as position, length, format, and model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Bo Yang , Lanfei Feng , Yunkui Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiao Xu , Shijian Li

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates valid evaluation methods to guide downstream applications and actionable future improvements. The Item Response Theory (IRT) has recently emerged as a promising framework for…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-12-12 Zhiyu Xu , Jia Liu , Yixin Wang , Yuqi Gu

Machine Learning models have many potentially beneficial applications in education settings, but a key barrier to their development is securing enough data to train these models. Labelling educational data has traditionally relied on highly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-10 Owen Henkel , Libby Hills

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a de-facto standard technique to elicit reasoning-like responses from large language models (LLMs), allowing them to spell out individual steps before giving a final answer. While the resemblance to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Gregor Bachmann , Yichen Jiang , Seyed Mohsen Moosavi Dezfooli , Moin Nabi

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming widely adopted by people for mental health support. Yet emerging evidence suggests there are significant risks associated with high-frequency use, particularly for individuals…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 May Lynn Reese , Markela Zeneli , Mindy Ng , Jacob Haimes , Andreea Damien , Elizabeth Stade

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in biomedical relation extraction, even in zero-shot scenarios. However, evaluating LLMs in this task remains challenging due to their ability to generate human-like…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Israt Jahan , Elham Dolatabadi , Chun Peng , Enamul Hoque , Jimmy Huang

Evaluating the conversational abilities of large language models (LLMs) remains a challenging task. Current mainstream approaches primarily rely on the "LLM-as-a-judge" paradigm, where an LLM is prompted to serve as an evaluator to assess…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Yuqi Tang , Kehua Feng , Yunfeng Wang , Zhiwen Chen , Chengfei Lv , Gang Yu , Qiang Zhang , Keyan Ding , Huajun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) perform better when they produce step-by-step, "Chain-of-Thought" (CoT) reasoning before answering a question, but it is unclear if the stated reasoning is a faithful explanation of the model's actual reasoning…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in solving mathematical reasoning tasks, leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data as a vital component in guiding answer generation. Current paradigms typically generate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-20 Honglin Lin , Zhuoshi Pan , Yu Li , Qizhi Pei , Xin Gao , Mengzhang Cai , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

LLM-as-a-Judge has emerged as a popular evaluation strategy, where advanced large language models assess generation results in alignment with human instructions. While these models serve as a promising alternative to human annotators, their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Xiyan Fu , Wei Liu

We show how the quality of decisions based on the aggregated opinions of the crowd can be conveniently studied using a sample of individual responses to a standard IQ questionnaire. We aggregated the responses to the IQ questionnaire using…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Michal Kosinski , Yoram Bachrach , Thore Graepel , Giergji Kasneci , Jurgen Van Gael

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has marked a significant advancement in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Previous studies have developed various extensions of CoT, which focus primarily on enhancing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Xin Xu , Shizhe Diao , Can Yang , Yang Wang

The recent rise of reasoning-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs)--which generate chains of thought (CoTs) before giving the final answer--has attracted significant attention and offers new opportunities for gaining insights into human label…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Beiduo Chen , Yang Janet Liu , Anna Korhonen , Barbara Plank

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to align model responses with human preferences. While RLHF employs a reinforcement learning approach with…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Alex Sotiropoulos , Sulyab Thottungal Valapu , Linus Lei , Jared Coleman , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Large language models are revolutionizing several areas, including artificial creativity. However, the process of generation in machines profoundly diverges from that observed in humans. In particular, machine generation is characterized by…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Giorgio Franceschelli , Mirco Musolesi

In information retrieval, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in text reranking tasks by leveraging their sophisticated natural language understanding and advanced reasoning capabilities. However,…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Haowei Liu , Xuyang Wu , Guohao Sun , Zhiqiang Tao , Yi Fang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in natural language processing tasks by leveraging chain of thought (CoT) that enables step-by-step thinking. Extending LLMs with multimodal capabilities is the recent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Debjyoti Mondal , Suraj Modi , Subhadarshi Panda , Rituraj Singh , Godawari Sudhakar Rao

Large language models (LLMs) are incredibly powerful at comprehending and generating data in the form of text, but are brittle and error-prone. There has been an advent of toolkits and recipes centered around so-called prompt…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2023-08-09 Aditya G. Parameswaran , Shreya Shankar , Parth Asawa , Naman Jain , Yujie Wang