相关论文: Reaction Rates in Quasiequilibrium States
Space plasmas are generally characterized by non-Maxwellian distributions with suprathermal populations, as routinely revealed by in situ observations. Such departures from standard Maxwellian distributions can be understood as signatures…
We argue that the Maxwellian approximation can essentially underestimate the rates of some nuclear reactions in hot plasma under conditions very close to thermal equilibrium. This phenomenon is demonstrated explicitly on the example of…
Recent work [Wild et al., Nature 615, 425 (2023)] has provided an experimental break-through in the realization of a quantum-tunneling reaction involving a proton transfer. The reaction $D^-+H_2 \to H^-+HD$ has an extremely slow reaction…
In superconducting qubits the lifetime of quantum states cannot be prolonged arbitrarily by decreasing temperature. At low temperature quasiparticles tunneling between electromagnetic environment and superconducting islands takes the…
The study of chemical reactions in environments under nonequilibrium conditions has been of interest recently in a variety of contexts, including current-induced reactions in molecular junctions and scanning tunneling microscopy…
We study diffusion-controlled processes in nonequilibrium steady states, where standard rate theory assumptions break down. Using transition path theory, we generalize the relations between reactive probability fluxes and measures of the…
Detailed calculations of the contribution from off-shell effects to the quasiclassical tunneling of fusing particles are provided. It is shown that these effects change the Gamow rates of certain nuclear reactions in dense plasma by several…
We solve the quasiclassical problem of tunneling through an external potential barrier in a dense plasma, where the tunneling particles undergo simultaneous collisions with other particles in thermodynamic equilibrium. Under such conditions…
In astronomical environments, the high-temperature emission of plasma mainly depends on ion charge states, which requires accurate analysis of the ionization and recombination processes. For various phenomena involving energetic particles,…
This article illustrates how very small deviations from the Maxwellian exponential tail, while leaving unchanged bulk quantities, can yield dramatic effects on fusion reaction rates and discuss several mechanisms that can cause such…
In fusion reactions, the Coulomb barrier selects particles from the high-momentum part of the distribution. Therefore, small variations of the high-momentum tail of the velocity distribution can produce strong effects on fusion rates. In…
We discuss conditions for the enhancement of fusion reactivities arising from different choices of energy distribution functions for the reactants. The key element for potential gains in fusion reactivity is identified in the functional…
Plasmas in which there is a threshold for a dominant reaction to take place (such as recombination or attachment) will have particle distributions that evolve as the reaction progresses. The form of the Boltzmann collision term in such a…
Energy and momentum of the elementary excitations become independent variables in medium: energy and momentum statistical distributions are not identical. The momentum distribution and not the energy distribution is relevant for barrier…
We calculate the AC linear response of a superconductor in a nonequilibrium electronic state. The nonequilibrium state is produced by injecting quasiparticles into the superconductor from normal leads through asymmetric tunnel contacts. The…
As contrast to the Maxwellian distribution, equilibrium distribution of the second kind or turbulent equilibrium is shown to exist under tertiary molecular chaos hypothesis to replace the classical binary chaos by Boltzmann. It is expressed…
We describe the physical motivations why we are urged to look for an ionic equilibrium distribution function slightly different from the Maxwellian to calculate nuclear reaction rates in the solar core plasma answering, at the same time, to…
We directly observe low-temperature non-equilibrium quasiparticle tunneling in a pair of charge qubits based on the single Cooper-pair box. We measure even- and odd-state dwell time distributions as a function of temperature, and interpret…
The Coulomb barrier is in general much higher than thermal energy. Nuclear fusion reactions occur only among few protons and nuclei with higher relative energies than Coulomb barrier. It is the equilibrium velocity distribution of these…
Quasielectrons and quasiholes in the fractional quantum Hall liquids obey fractional (including nontrivial mutual) exclusion statistics. Their statistics matrix can be determined from several possible state-counting scheme, involving…